BACKGROUND Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 and Rho/ROCK signaling is implicated in bone cancer pain development. However, it remains unknown whether the two signaling pathways function together in P2X3 receptor-mediated bone cancer pain. RESULTS In this study, using a rat model of bone cancer, we examined the expression of P2X3 and lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 in rat dorsal root ganglion...

The clinical, radiographic and pathological features of eighty-eight cases of histologically verified intra-osseous ganglia in eighty-three patients are described. All were located in the subchondral bone adjacent to a joint and most frequently involved the hip, the ankle (medial malleolus), the knee and the carpal bones. Forty-seven of the eighty-three patients were male and all the patients w...

OBJECTIVES In mammals, cochlear hair cell loss is irreversible and may result in a permanent sensorineural hearing loss. Secondary to this hair cell loss, a progressive loss of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) is presented. In this study, we have investigated the effects of neural-induced human mesenchymal stem cells (NI-hMSCs) from human bone marrow on sensory neuronal regeneration from neomycin...

The autonomic nervous system consists of a vast range of nerves and ganglions. Anatomical studies have demonstrated that the sympathetic innervations of the head and neck are affected by the neurons that ramify from the cranial cervical ganglion (CCG). The CCG is the end of the sympathetic cervical trunk, which runs with the vagal nerve during its cervical course. In this study sixteen adult (2...

The vertebrate retina has a very high dynamic range. This is due to the concerted action of its diverse cell types. Ganglion cells, which are the output cells of the retina, have to preserve this high dynamic range to convey it to higher brain areas. Experimental evidence shows that the firing response of ganglion cells is strongly correlated with their total dendritic area and only weakly corr...

Background A ganglion is a common benign cystic lesion, containing gelatinous material. Ganglia are most commonly asymptomatic, except for a lump, but symptoms depend on the location. A dorsal foot ganglion is typically painful. On the dorsal foot, the dorsalis pedis artery and the medial branch of the deep peroneal nerve are located under the fascia. Objective Five female patients of average...

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) obtained from the rat retina after the cell death period were maintained in vitro by target derived retinal ganglion cell neurotrophic factor (RGNF). However, only 15% of surviving RGCs expressed neurites. On the other hand, when the culture was supplemented with retinal glia conditioned medium, nearly 80% of surviving RGCs expressed neurites which were longer than...