Discriminative methods often generate hand poses kinematically implausible, then generative methods are used to correct (or verify) these results in a hybrid method. Estimating 3D hand pose in a hierarchy, where the high-dimensional output space is decomposed into smaller ones, has been shown effective. Existing hierarchical methods mainly focus on the decomposition of the output space while th...

We explore the applicability of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for multiple landmark localization in medical image data. Exploiting the idea of regressing heatmaps for individual landmark locations, we investigate several fully convolutional 2D and 3D CNN architectures by training them in an end-to-end manner. We further propose a novel SpatialConfiguration-Net architecture that effe...

this study highlights the costs and benefits of indigenous beef cattle fattening schemes in shinyanga urban and kishapu districts in tanzania. specifically, in this study the net profit (np) for fatteners between beef cattle fattening schemes has been determined. the schemes were divided into two main categories, scheme 1 in which the animals were fed on cottonseed hulls (cshl) based diets and ...

We study the computational complexity of finding the next most preferred solution in some common formalisms for representing constraints and preferences. The problem is computationally intractable for CSPs, but is polynomial for tree-shaped CSPs and tree-shaped fuzzy CSPs. On the other hand, it is intractable for weighted CSPs, even under restrictions on the constraint graph. For CP-nets, the p...