The terms 'haploid' and 'diploid' that describe single (n) and double (2n) chromosome sets in cells were coined by the Polish-German botanist Eduard Strasburger and originate from the Greek terms haplóos meaning 'single' and diplóos meaning 'double'. The term 'ploidy' was subsequently derived to describe the total chromosome content of cells. Consequently, the term 'euploid' refers to a chromos...

A supposed sporulation-deficient mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is found to affect mating in haploids and in diploids, and to be inseparable from the mating-type locus by recombination. The mutation is regarded as a defective a allele and is designated a*. This is confirmed by its dominance relations in diploids, triploids, and tetraploids. Tetrad analysis of tetraploids and of their spor...

Haploid technologies are used to create homozygous lines for accelerated breeding. We aimed optimize the technology using isolated microspore culture in vitro obtain doubled haploids of carrot (Daucus carota L.).
 studied two varieties with different responsiveness embryogenesis, Altajskaya lakomka and Breeding line 17. Carrot microspores were from buds cultivated liquid nutrient media sup...

Successful haploid induction in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) through in situ-induced parthenogenesis with gamma-ray irradiated pollen has been achieved. Female flowers of cultivar 'Algerie' were pollinated using pollen of cultivars 'Changhong-3', 'Cox' and 'Saval Brasil' irradiated with two doses of gamma rays, 150 and 300 Gy. The fruits were harvested 90, 105 and 120 days after...

Antiserum inactivation experiments were carried out on electrophoretically purified diploid virions from a cross between two complementing amber mutants of phage M13. The total (homozygous plus heterozygous) diploid population, assayed on a permissive host where only one genome is needed for plaque formation, was inactivated at the same rate as haploids. Heterozygous diploids, assayed on a nonp...

Hapluids (sporophytes with lhe gametic chrom06(Jme number) f,um polysomk: p(.Jlyploid~ represem a random gameti'c sample from the parenl and can be used 10 map genes that affect quantltat,ve trai! vmiation (OTV) with the aid of moleculm' markers (isozymes or RFLPs). The objel;ljvc: of (his work was to analyze QTV using isozyme markers in four potato (tetrasomic p0lyploid) haploid populations, A...

Using a bit string model, we show that asexual reproduction for diploids is more efficient than for haploids: it improves genetic material producing new individuals with less deleterious mutations. We also see that in a system where competition is present, diploids dominate, even though we consider some dominant loci.