The perception and production of the mid-front Finnish vowels /i/, /e/, /y/, and /ø/ were investigated in fourteen Finnish-speaking subjects. In the perception experiment, synthesized long vowels were used as stimuli in order to identify category prototypes. For production, the subjects were asked to pronounce words including these vowels as short and long variants. This study introduces a new ...

In the definition of a crossed module $(T,G,rho)$, the actions of the group $T$ and $G$ on themselves are given by conjugation. In this paper, we consider these actions to be arbitrary and thus generalize the concept of ordinary crossed module. Therefore, we get the category ${bf GCM}$, of all generalized crossed modules and generalized crossed module morphisms between them, and investigate som...

Learning phonetic categories is one of the first steps to learning a language, yet is hard to do using only distributional phonetic information. Semantics could potentially be useful, since words with different meanings have distinct phonetics, but it is unclear how many word meanings are known to infants learning phonetic categories. We show that attending to a weaker source of semantics, in t...

How do people learn to group and re-group objects into labeled categories? In this paper, we examine mechanisms that guide how people re-represent categories. In two experiments, we examine what is easy and what is hard to relearn as people update their knowledge about labeled groups of objects. In Study 1, we test how people learn and re-learn to group objects that share no perceptual features...

Currently, there is still hard work going on, but the income not adequate. Therefore, it necessary to show scientifically that working does need be tired, with an ergonomic system, productivity increases.
 This paper made from various books or literature and analyzed discussed descriptively.
 Conclusion: first, at work, tool must made, so enough use body energy of 5.0 kcal/hour 5.2 kc...

Learning in a well-established paradigm of probabilistic category learning, the weather prediction task, has been assumed to be mediated by a variety of strategies reflecting explicit learning processes, such as hypothesis testing, when it is administered to young healthy participants. Higher categorization accuracy has been observed in the task when explicit processes are facilitated. We hypot...

In this study, results of computational simulations on English child-directed speech are presented to uncover what distributional properties of words make it easier to group them into lexical categories. This analysis provides evidence that words are easier to categorize when (i) they are hard to predict given the contexts they occur in; (ii) they occur in few different contexts; and (iii) thei...

NMF (Non-negative Matrix Factorization) has been one of the most useful techniques for audio signal analysis in recent years. In particular, supervised NMF, in which a large number of samples is used for analyzing a signal, is garnering much attention in sound source separation or noise reduction research. However, because such methods require all the possible samples for the analysis, it is ha...