The essentiality and carcinogenicity of chromium depend on its chemical form. Oxidation state and solubility are particularly important in determining the biological effects of chromium compounds. For this reason, total chromium measurements are of little value in assessing its nutritional benefits or its toxicological hazards. Aqueous sodium carbonate-sodium hydroxide solutions have been succe...

Two workers exposed to trivalent chromium sulphate in a leather tannery had high concentrations of chromium in the urine. The concentration of chromium showed a workshift-related diurnal fluctuation, but it was remarkably high even after a vacation, indicating accumulation of chromium in the body. The concentrations of chromium in the workplace air, as collected on filters using standard techni...

Chromium exists primarily in two forms: trivalent and hexavalent. Trivalent chromium is present in the cationic form as Cr+3 and is an essential nutrient, but hexavalent chromium is toxic and exists as an anion, either as chromate (CrO4 -2) or dichromate (Cr2O7 -2). Therefore, the analysis of total chromium does not always provide a true indication of the effects of chromium present in a sample...

One factor limiting solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) performance is the degradation of chromium containing, ferritic stainless steel, interconnects during operation. When chromium-containing steels are used as interconnect materials a chromium oxide layer forms on the surface. Under SOFC operating conditions (Cathode gas 800oC and 2.5-3.1% H2O) chromium ions are vaporized by the cathode gas and red...

Chromium in fumes generated in work environments including sites of welding work appears in various and complex states. Determination of chromium speciation in samples is useful for estimating the toxicity of such fumes. In the present study, determination of chromium speciation in chromium fumes prepared using a plasma metal sprayer, which are regarded as a model of actual fumes, was carried o...

hen the first trivalent chromium electroplating process was commercially introduced in the mid-l970s, information on the corrosion properties of the deposits and other physical properties was unknown. To obtain a comprehensive understanding about the corrosion properties of trivalent chromium electrodeposits over a variety of nickel deposits, chromium deposits from trivalent chromium electrolyt...

The cold spray or Supersonic Particle Deposition technique has great potential for producing ceramic nanostructured coatings. This operates at a processing temperature that is low enough to preserve the initial feedstock materials’ microstructure. Nevertheless, depositing powders using can be challenging because of brittle nature. interaction between substrate and particles significantly influe...

AISI 304 stainless steel is a type of austenitic that contains high percentage chromium and nickel. It one the most widely used grades commonly in variety applications, including kitchen equipment, food processing chemical equipment. versatile material due to its excellent corrosion resistance, durability, non-magnetic properties. Low-temperature processes like ion implantation, plasma nitridin...

Chromium (VI), also known as hexavalent chromium, is the second most stable oxidation state of chromium. Rarely occurring naturally, most chromium (VI) compounds are manufactured (products or by-products). Chromium (VI) can be reduced to the more stable chromium (III) in the presence of reducing agents (e.g. iron) or oxidizable organic matter (OSHA, 2006). Selected chemical and physical propert...

OBJECTIVES To investigate chromium status of the adult population in the western region of Saudi Arabia and the possibility of using serum chromium status measurement as indicator of this status. METHODS The effect of chromium supplement on glucose tolerance and lipid profile was studied in 44 normal, free living adults. 200mg chromium/day as CrCL3 or a placebo was given in a double blind cro...