We used the 4C-Seq technique to characterize the genome-wide patterns of spatial contacts of several CpG islands located on chromosome 14 in cultured chicken lymphoid and erythroid cells. We observed a clear tendency for the spatial clustering of CpG islands present on the same and different chromosomes, regardless of the presence or absence of promoters within these CpG islands. Accordingly, w...

Co-infection of HBV with HIV results in an accelerated course of HBV-associated chronic liver disease. Several studies have shown that viral mutations are related to disease progression in mono-infection with HBV. However, it is unclear whether HBV mutation patterns might differ between co-infected and mono-infected patients. To compare the frequencies and mutation patterns in the HBV genome be...

DNA methylation in the genome plays a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression and is widespread in the genome of eukaryotic species. For example, in higher vertebrates, there is a "global" methylation pattern involving complete methylation of CpG sites genome-wide, except in promoter regions that are typically enriched for CpG dinucleotides, or so called "CpG islands." Here, we co...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a well-recognized complication in patients who undergo immunosuppressive drug therapy. Although the recommendation of antiviral prophylaxis made by the American Gastroenterological Association in 2015 focuses on the risk stratification of different immunosuppressive drugs, risk factors for HBV reactivation are also worth identifying in clinical practice. ...

conclusions the b3, b5, b7, b8 and b9 subgenotypes can be clustered into quasi-sub-genotype b3 and the open reading frame of hbv has a start codon preference; however, whether a mutation in the start codon in the pre-s2 region has an impact on survival and replication of hbv remains to be determined. background the number of cases of hbv infection reported by the who for each district and count...

DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 is the key enzyme responsible for DNA methylation, which often occurs in CpG islands located near the regulatory regions of genes and affects transcription of specific genes. In this study, we examined the possible association of DNMT1 polymorphisms with HBV clearance and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Seven common polymorphic sites were selected by c...

Invasive cervix cancer (ICC) is the third most common malignant tumor in women and human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) causes more than 50% of ICC. DNA methylation is a covalent modification predominantly occurring at CpG dinucleotides and increased methylation across the HPV16 genome is strongly associated with ICC development. Next generation (Next Gen) sequencing has been proposed as a novel app...

BACKGROUND The S gene region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) codes for surface antigen (HBs Ag) and is responsible for classification of HBV strains. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to identify important mutations in the S gene in Hepatitis B virus (HBV) isolated from Malaysian HBV carriers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated HBV DNAs were subjected for PCR amplification and sequencing of HBV...

Background and Aim: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important infectious agent in denti-stry necessitating the use of disinfectants to prevent its transmission. This study compared the efficacy of 2/100 sodium hypochlorite disinfectants prepared from 5% solution manufactured by four different manufacturers namely Ashimashi, Paknaz, Vitex and Active for disinfection of surfaces infected with HBV. ...

BACKGROUND The capacity of toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist-conjugated hepatitis B virus (HBV) proteins (HBV-Ag) to overcome established hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific immune tolerance was explored. METHODS A TLR7/8 agonist, CL097, was conjugated with alum-absorbed HBsAg and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg), as confirmed by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole ...