Atlas et al. (1995) show that states with higher per capita senate representation have higher federal spending per capita. With a more recent data sample, more highly disaggregated data, and a different set of political control variables, we are able to confirm the main result of Atlas et al. that per capita senate representation is positively related to federal expenditure. This effect is stro...

This paper evaluates empirically the determinants of exchange rates in emerging markets, with emphasis on Nigeria and South Africa during period 2001-2020. By applying pooled OLS regression method both panel data countries as subsamples, study finds out that under level, inflation rate, government final consumption expenditure broad money had a negative effect only was significant. On other han...

Due to the importance of the government size impact on economic growth, the current study investigates the impact of government size on economic growth in economies of the developed and developing countries by using a panel data approach over the period 1990-2010. The results indicate that government size has positive effect on economic growth and negative effect on per capita production growth...

This paper responds to the development policy debate involving the World Bank and the IMF on the use of fiscal policy not only for economic stabilization but also to promote growth and the increase of per capita income. A key issue in this debate relates to the effect of the composition of public expenditure, and its financing, on economic growth. The current paper lays out a research strategy ...

Japan consists of many small inhabited islands in addition to four main islands. We examine the impact of fiscal expenditure and the number of tourists on per capita taxable income in remote islands using panel data analysis. The results show that both fiscal expenditure and population size have significant positive impacts on per capita taxable income, whereas the number of tourists does not h...

Cross-sectional health expenditure data are used to compare health expenditure aggregates and the contribution of the public and private sectors in a selection of 31 low, middle and high income countries. The comparative data illustrate the diversity of outcomes in terms of total health expenditure and its components even amongst countries with similar GDP per capita. Low and middle income coun...

OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the impact of external price referencing (EPR) on on-patent medicine prices, adjusting for other factors that may affect price levels such as sales volume, exchange rates, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, total pharmaceutical expenditure (TPE), and size of the pharmaceutical industry. METHODS Price data of 14 on-patent products, in 14 European cou...

BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan Africa still reports the highest rates of under-five mortality. Low cost, high impact interventions exist, however poor access remains a challenge. Integrated community case management (iCCM) was introduced to improve access to essential services for children 2-59 months through diagnosis, treatment and referral services by community health workers for malaria, pneumonia ...

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between ultraviolet B and global incidence of colorectal cancer, while controlling for relevant covariates. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between latitude and incidence rates of colon cancer in 173 countries. Multiple linear regression was employed to investigate the relationship between ultraviolet B dose and colo...