We investigate the effects of a positive income shock on mental health among adolescent girls using evidence from a cash transfer experiment in Malawi. Offers of cash transfers strongly reduced psychological distress among baseline schoolgirls. However, these large beneficial effects declined with increases in the transfer amount offered to the parents conditional on regular school attendance b...

We examine the effect of ill health on retirement decisions in Britain, using the British Household Panel Survey (1991-1998). As self-reported health status is likely to be endogenous to the retirement decision, we instrument self-reported health by a constructed 'health stock' measure using a set of health indicator variables and personal characteristics, as suggested by Bound et al. (Bound, J...

We study a system subject to shocks arriving following a Markovian arrival process. These shocks can be repairable or fatal. The non-fatal shocks cause damage to the system. The lifetimes between shocks and the repair times are governed by phase-type distributions. Repair is not as good as new, a geometric process is introduced for modeling the successive operational times. After a prefixed num...

Socio-Economic Status, Health Shocks, Life Satisfaction and Mortality: Evidence from an Increasing Mixed Proportional Hazard Model The socio-economic gradient in health remains a controversial topic in economics and other social sciences. In this paper we develop a new duration model that allows for unobserved persistent individual-specific health shocks and provides new evidence on the roles o...

stewardship is not a new concept for public policy, but has not been used to its optimum by the health policy-makers. although it is being practiced in most successful models of health system, but the onus to this function is still due till date. lately, few experts in world health organization (who) have realized its importance and have been raising the issue at different platforms to pursue t...

this survey was carried out on children less than five years of age from rural areas of three provinces in iran (west azarbaijan, bushehre, and central province), with different health care delivery systems and various types of immunization scheme, to determine the immune status of measles and the vaccine coverage. our results indicate that the rates of measles immunity and vaccine coverage for...

the fetal origins hypothesis (foh), put forward in the epidemiological literature and later flourished in the economics literature, suggests that the time in utero is a critical period for human development. however, much attention has been paid to the consequences of fetal exposures to more extreme natural shocks, while less is known about fetal exposures to milder but more commonly experience...

Estimates of the effect fetal health shocks may suffer from survivorship bias. The origins literature seemingly agrees that bias is innocuous in sense it induces a toward zero. Arguably, however, selective mortality can imply away In case 1918 flu pandemic, suppressed immune system have been protective against most severe consequences infection. We use historical birth records maternity hospita...

Social protection refers to a set of policy measures to protect individuals, especially the critically poor, from financial losses due to high-risk events, such as natural disasters, social risks like unemployment, war or unexpected financial shocks, and political risks like discrimination of minorities in conflict zones (1–3). In terms of health, social protection includes protection against h...