District heating pricing is a core element in reforming the heating market. Existing district heating pricing methods, such as the cost-plus pricing method and the conventional marginal-cost pricing method, cannot simultaneously provide both high efficiency and sufficient investment cost return. To solve this problem, the paper presents a new pricing model, namely Equivalent Marginal Cost Prici...

A finite element method was used to solve the unsteady state heat transfer equations for heating of turkeys in a conventional electric oven. Breast, and thigh and wing joint temperature in 5.9, 6.8, 8.6, 9.5, and 10.4 kg turkeys were simulated. A surface heat transfer coefficient of 19.252 W/m2K determined by transient temperature measurements in the same oven, was used. Thermal conductivity me...

5(6)-carboxy-rhodamine 110 isomers were rapidly synthesized by condensation of 3-aminophenol and trimellitic anhydride using microwave irradiation as heating method. after esterification of the two isomers, separation and hydrolyzation provided target products,5-carboxy-rhodamine 110 and 6-carboxy-rhodamine 110, in high yields. the results shows microwave irradiation can effectively reduce the ...

Microwave processing of materials has been found to deliver enormous advantages over conventional processing methods in terms of mechanical and physical properties of the materials. However, the non-uniform temperature distribution is the key problem of microwave processing, which is related to the structure of the cavity, and the placement and physical parameters of the material. In this paper...

The Abbott enzyme immunoassay (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.) for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) antibody was evaluated to determine the effect of using heat-inactivated (56 degrees C for 30 min) serum as the sample. Each of 58 nonreactive serum samples gave a higher A492 value when tested after heat inactivation. Ten of the samples became reactive after heating....

Induction heating computer simulation is a powerful tool for process design and optimization, induction coil design, equipment selection, as well as education and business presentations. The authors share their vast experience in the practical use of computer simulation for different induction heating and heat treating processes. A comparison of simulation versus the experimental “trial and err...

Susceptors are used in microwavable food packages to facilitate preferential heating. Modeling of susceptor assisted microwave heating in domestic ovens was performed using radio frequency and heat transfer modules of COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2. Two different approaches (domain discretization and transient boundary condition) were studied for taking into the account of discretizing thin susceptor ...

The aim of this work is to apply the homotopy perturbation method and homotopy analysis method to the problem of thermal explosion in a flammable gas mixture with the addition of volatile fuel droplets. The system of equations that describes the effects of heating, evaporation, and combustion of fuel in a polydisperse spray is simplified. Both convective and radiative heating of droplets is tak...

The paper describes special method of parametric optimization and its application to the solution of practical engineering problems in the field of metal induction heating before hot forming operations. Numerical examples, that help to illustrate the methodology of proposed optimal control techniques, verify their validity and represent descriptions of practical applications.

In this study, we develop a local heating method and monitoring method for hyperthermia using the Ferromagnetic Implant with Low Curie Temperature (FILCT) under a high frequency magnetic field. We describe the experimental setup and in vitro experimental results.