BACKGROUND An adenovirus that expresses both interleukin (IL)-12 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) has been proven to be very effective in treating several tumors, but causes serious normal tissue toxicities. METHODS In this study, a novel adenoviral vector was constructed by placing the human GM-CSF gene under the control of the CMV-IE promoter and human IL-12 gen...

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) induces growth arrest and macrophage differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cells through the functional LIF receptor (LIFR), which comprises a heterodimeric complex of the LIFR subunit and gp130. To identify the regions within the cytoplasmic domain of LIFR that generate the signals for growth arrest, macrophage differentiation, and STAT3 activation independ...

bacterial expression systems provide economic and logistic advantages in manufacturing proteins for human therapeutic purposes. however, most such proteins accumulate in insoluble biologicaiiy inactive form when overexpressed in bacterial cells. this is the case while attempting to produce recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hgm-csf) in e. coli. in this report, d...

Mathematical modeling of influenza epidemic is important for analyzing the main cause of the epidemic and finding effective interventions towards it. The epidemic is a dynamic process. In this process, daily infections are caused by people's contacts, and the frequency of contacts can be mainly influenced by their cognition to the disease. The cognition is in turn influenced by daily illness at...

The Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) Approach for assessing wetlands was developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as a procedure for assessing the capacity of a wetland to perform ecological functions. The Approach requires classification of wetlands based on geomorphic setting, water source, and hydrodynamics. The objective of the Guidelines for Guidebook Development is to provide detailed guidance ...

The accumulation of significant levels of transgenic products in plant cells is required not only for crop improvement, but also for molecular pharming. However, knowledge about the fate of transgenic products and endogenous proteins in grain cells is lacking. Here, we utilized a quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach for comparative analysis of expression profiles of transgeni...

fusion of two genes at dna level produces a single protein, known as a chimeric protein. immunotoxins are chimeric proteins composed of specific cell targeting and cell killing moieties. bacterial or plant toxins are commonly used as the killing moieties of the chimeric immunotoxins. in this investigation, the catalytic domain of shiga-like toxin (a1) was fused to human granulocyte macrophage c...

We investigate hierarchical graphical models (HGMs) for automatically detecting decisions in multi-party discussions. Several types of dialogue act (DA) are distinguished on the basis of their roles in formulating decisions. HGMs enable us to model dependencies between observed features of discussions, decision DAs, and subdialogues that result in a decision. For the task of detecting decision ...