The effects of contact conditions at the wire–die interface on temperature distribution specimen and die are investigated to understand wire drawing process. Finite element analysis experiments performed analyze a drawn based different using low-carbon steel wire. maximum (Tmax) decreases as heat transfer coefficient increases, whereas that increases with coefficient. Tmax thermal conductivity ...

in the present work, deoxidation and refining of 316lvm steel (low carbon vacuum melted) during the vacuum induction melting process was studied. this grade of stainless steel is one of the most important materials in medical applications. vacuum deoxidation by carbon is the first stage of 316lvm stainless steel production process. in this stage, aluminum must be absent to avoid killing the c-o...

The incidence of patellar fractures accounts for almost 1% of all skeletal fractures. In case of a displaced patellar fracture, surgical intervention is often advocated for earlier stability, restoration of knee motion, and shortened morbidity. Among various fixations, the AO modified tension band technique, which incorporates two parallel Kirschner wires with an anterior tension band, is the m...

It is well known that the mechanical properties of materials depend of the rolling direction, which means that the direction of specimen cutting affect the obtained values. This feature also exists in the welded joint, where the anisotropy is caused by direction of the deposit welded layers. One high-carbon steel is surface welded by flux-cored wire and specimens were cut in order to determine ...

Fracture fixation of the medial malleolus in rotationally unstable ankle fractures typically results in healing with current fixation methods. However, when failure occurs, pullout of the screws from tension, compression, and rotational forces is predictable. We sought to biomechanically test a relatively new technique of bicortical screw fixation for medial malleoli fractures. Also, the AO gro...

AIM The objective of this article is to present a simple technique for stabilizing a lingual fixed retainer wire in place with good adaptation to the teeth surfaces and checking for occlusal interferences prior to the bonding procedure. BACKGROUND Bonding of an upper or lower fixed lingual retainer using stainless steel wires of different sizes and shapes is a common orthodontic procedure. Th...

The aim of the present study was to determine whether used orthodontic wires made of different materials cause toxicity and loss of viability on three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. Three types of orthodontic wires, stainless steel, Nitinol, and TMA (n = 9) which had been used clinically in fixed appliances for a period of 1 month, were retrieved at random from five patients. Both upper and lo...