It is widely accepted that the concentration of people living in high-density city centers offers greater operational energy efficiency and lower greenhouse gas emissions than lower-density expanded suburbs. The prevailing assumption is that lower-density suburbs are dominated by larger low-rise buildings that have higher building energy use requirements and greater per-person automobile travel...

An energy-efficient building is not built in a day. It requires effective processes, approaches, and tools, as well high commitment from all the involved parties. A similar requirement needed for retrofitting practice. Building Information Modelling (BIM) one of sensible processes ensuring either new development or initiatives arrive at its ultimate objectives, i.e., reduction energy consumptio...