BACKGROUND Understanding the risk and trends of sports-related concussion among 12 scholastic sports may contribute to concussion detection, treatment, and prevention. PURPOSE To examine the incidence and relative risk of concussion in 12 high school boys' and girls' sports between academic years 1997-1998 and 2007-2008. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS Data were prosp...

OBJECTIVE To determine the occurrence of subclinical rickets and its causing factors among adolescent students of schools in Kaghan Valley, Pakistan. STUDY DESIGN Observation cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Biochemistry and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Ayub Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, from March to April 2012. METHOD...

The relationship between students' school environment and exercise habits is complex, and is affected by numerous factors. However, the few studies that have been conducted on this relationship have reported inconsistent results, especially regarding Taiwanese students. We conducted this cross-sectional study to investigate the association of school environment and after-school physical activit...

The aim of this study was to examine the changes and differences by gender and urban/rural status in primary and secondary school enrollment, school utilization, and continuation ratios in Pakistan between 1975 and 1985. The government in its 5-year plans had targeted increases in school enrollment which were not met. Progress has been slow and nearly 50% of school-age children do not attend ...

Using a controlled experiment, we examine the role of nurture in explaining the stylized fact that women shy away from competition. Our subjects (students just under 15 years of age) attend publicly-funded single-sex and coeducational schools. We …nd robust di¤erences between the competitive choices of girls from single-sex and coed schools. Moreover, girls from single-sex schools behave more l...

sense the inquirers found themselves at the parting of the ways. Some of the champions of equal rights and privileges for the two sexes still maintained their old attitude of minimising the differences between them. Others, realising that victory has been gained, and that girls now are given educationally the same opportunities as boys, are ready to recognise, in the words of the introduction, ...

BACKGROUND Active school transport (AST) has declined rapidly in recent decades. While many studies have examined walking, cycling to school has received very little attention. Correlates of cycling are likely to differ to those from walking and cycling enables AST from further distances. This study examined individual, social and environmental factors associated with cycling to school among el...

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) and the association of overweight and obesity with high BP among adolescents in Aracaju, Brazil. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. The main outcome measure was the proportion of adolescents with high BP (sex-, age- and height-specific ≥ 95th percentile). The main predictor variables were overweight and obesity defined according to the...