During vertebrate embryogenesis, the muscle-specific helix-loop-helix protein myogenin is expressed in muscle cell precursors in the developing somite myotome and limb bud before muscle fiber formation and is further upregulated during myogenesis. We show that cis-acting DNA sequences within the 5' flanking region of the mouse myogenin gene are sufficient to direct appropriate temporal, spatial...

The nuclear orphan receptor COUP-TFII is widely expressed in multiple tissues and organs throughout embryonic development, suggesting that COUP-TFII is involved in multiple aspects of embryogenesis. Because of the early embryonic lethality of COUP-TFII knockout mice, the role of COUP-TFII during limb development has not been determined. COUP-TFII is expressed in lateral plate mesoderm of the ea...

Embryonic chick wing bud tissues secrete diffusible mitogens when cultured in vitro (Bell & McLachlan, 1985). These molecules may play an important role in limb development since media conditioned by morphogenetically active regions of the wing bud possess greater mitogenic activity than media conditioned by non-morphogenetic regions. These studies show that while the chick-derived growth facto...

The aim of this study was to analyze bone microarchitecture and macroarchitecture of tibia in a disuse model in growing rats. Eight-weeks-old Copenhagen rats were injected intramuscularly with 1.5 units BTX in the quadriceps muscle of the right hind limb. Saline injection was done at the left hind limb to serve as control. Five rats were killed at day 1 and represented the baseline group (D1), ...

The ability to jump over an obstacle depends upon the generation of work across the joints of the propelling limb(s). The total work generated by one hind limb of a horse and the contribution to the total work by four joints of the hind limb were determined for a jump. It was hypothesized that the hip and ankle joints would have extensor moments performing positive work, while the knee would ha...

In the present study, complete description of development and metamorphosis an endemic frog Rhacophorus malabaricus, Jerdon, 1870, is documented in its natural habitat from Southern part Western Ghats (Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, India). A brief illustration each Gosner stage (fertilized egg to metamorphosed froglet) given based on direct monitoring characterisation morphological morphometric v...

The distribution and sequence of appearance of fibronectin and of type-I and type-II collagen in the developing cartilage models of embryonic chick hind-limb buds was studied by immunofluorescence, using specific antibodies directed against these proteins. Fibronectin and type-I collagen are evenly distributed throughout the intercellular space of the mesenchyme prior to condensation of core me...

Canine preaxial polydactyly (PPD) in the hind limb is a developmental trait that restores the first digit lost during canine evolution. Using a linkage analysis, we previously demonstrated that the affected gene in a Korean breed is located on canine chromosome 16. The candidate locus was further limited to a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block of <213 kb composing the single gene, LMBR1, by LD m...

The relationship between cellular position and growth control has been studied in cultures of dissociated fragments of mouse limb bud cells. Using cells derived from various positions along the anterior-posterior axis of the limb bud we have developed culture conditions that optimize growth of positionally isolated cells. Under these conditions limb bud cells display an inherent, position-speci...

In the present experiments the effect of long-term peripheral ischemia on the capillary of two hind limb skeletal muscles was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Furthermore, the effect of antihypertensive therapy on changes in capillarity and on the previously observed hyperreactivity of the ischemic vascular bed to vasoconstrictors was investigated in perfused hind limbs of rats ...