Clark-type oxygen microelectrodes and glass pH microelectrodes, each with a tip diameter of <=10 (mu)m, were used to obtain high-resolution profiles of oxygen concentrations and pH values in isolated termite guts. Radial oxygen profiles showed that oxygen penetrated into the peripheral hindgut contents up to about 150 to 200 (mu)m below the epithelial surface in both the lower termite Reticulit...

Subacute ruminal acidosis can result in increased flow of fermentable substrates to the hindgut, which can negatively affect animal health and productivity. However, animal responses to increased hindgut fermentation independent of subacute ruminal acidosis have rarely been evaluated. This study determined the impact of abomasal dosage of a fermentable carbohydrate on animal performance and blo...

Interactions among dietary ingredients are often assumed non-existent when evaluating the nutritive value and health effects of dietary fiber. Specific fibers can distinctly affect digestive processes; therefore, digestibility and fermentability of the complete diet may depend on fiber types present. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of readily fermentable fibers (β-glucans and resistant...

Feeding grain-rich diets often results in subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), a condition associated with dysbiosis and systemic inflammation. Yet, the effect of SARA on hindgut microbiota, whether this is aggravated by exogenous immune stimuli, less understood. Therefore, aims study were to determine effects an intermittent high-grain model microbial community, evaluate fecal microbiome fermenta...

Abstract Feed represents the greatest variable cost of swine production, with feed energy as its largest component. In most production systems, cereal grains such corn, wheat, or barley provide historically in feed. Cereal contain &amp;gt;50% starch and &amp;lt; 20% crude protein. Pulse field pea, faba bean, chick pea are now widely grown on Great Plains for human consumption crop diversificati...

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Cerro is an infrequent pathogen of humans and other mammals but is frequently isolated from the hindgut of asymptomatic cattle in the United States. To further understand the genomic determinants of S. Cerro specificity for the bovine hindgut, the genome of isolate CFSAN001588 was fully sequenced and deposited in the GenBank database.

Cockroaches are parasitized by thelastomatid nematodes, which live in an obligate manner in their hindgut and interact with the resident microbial community. In the present study, a composition analysis was performed on the gut microbiome of Periplaneta fuliginosa and P. americana to investigate natural and artificial infection by thelastomatid nematodes. Nine libraries of the 16S rRNA gene V3-...

Special AT-rich sequence binding protein-2 (SATB2) is selectively expressed in the lower gastrointestinal tract mucosa and has been identified as a sensitive marker for colorectal adenocarcinomas. The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of SATB2 in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors to explore its potential as a diagnostic marker for hindgut well-differentiated neuroendo...

The optimal utilization of nutrients requires an integrated response of the gastrointestinal tract to ingested food. Broad mechanisms are similar in all mammals and involve sensing food components through olfaction, taste and specialized receptors within the stomach and intestines. The sensing of food components leads to release of gut hormones and activation of nerves, which in turn modify dig...