The 4-intersection, a model for the representation of topological relations between 2-dimensional objects with connected boundaries and connected interiors, is extended to cover topological relations between 2-dimensional objects with arbitrary holes, called regions with holes. Each region with holes is represented by its generalized region—the union of the object and its holes— and the closure...

In this paper we analyze certain aspects of virtual black holes. We see how quantum bubble is the representative of creation and annihilation of a pair of virtual black holes that satisfy the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. We calculate the loss of quantum coherence due to these virtual black holes and also see how these virtual black holes give space-time an intrinsic entropy.

In real sensor network deployments, spatial distributions of sensors are usually far from being uniform. Such networks often contain regions without enough sensor nodes, which we call holes. In this paper, we show that holes are important topological features that need to be studied. In routing, holes are communication voids that cause greedy forwarding to fail. Holes can also be defined to den...

Deep holes play an important role in the decoding of generalized Reed-Solomon codes. Recently, Wu and Hong [11] found a new class of deep holes for standard Reed-Solomon codes. In the present paper, we give a concise method to obtain a new class of deep holes for generalized Reed-Solomon codes. In particular, for standard Reed-Solomon codes, we get the new class of deep holes given in [11]. Li ...

The application of the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has the potential to reshape inter-organizational collaboration across industries. This study explores the influences of the use of IoT for information sharing in the steel industry networks. Shared data may have multiple uses, including optimization, integration, automatization, and adaptation of objects in their environments. To dat...

To maximize employee performance in today’s increasingly competitive environment, companies must enhance individual creativity through the effective management of organizational network structures and learning cultures. This study is an empirical analysis of how firms should design these structures and improve individual creativity according to employees’ working styles. We propose a research m...

Poorly recognized by anatomists and pathologists is the cone-shaped zone of Müller cells that composes the central and inner part of the fovea centralis. The importance of these cells in the structural integrity of the macula, as a repository for xanthophyll, and in the pathogenesis of macular diseases, particularly regarding idiopathic macular hole and foveomacular schisis, is hypothesized.

A traumatic macular hole has never been seen immediately after the causal accident. We examined a case of macular hole within half an hour of the injury and photographed it within three hours. We comment on the genesis of traumatic macular edema.