the objective of this study was to assess the discounted genetic expressions (dges) for different categories of animal traits as regards holstein cattle of iran. using discounted gene-flow principles, dges per calf born were estimated for self replacing females and also for their sires. in the situation for sires of self replacing females, relative gdes per cow per year for annual cow traits, t...

The relationship between type traits and longevity was studied in the French Holstein breed using a survival analysis model where the phenotypic value or the estimated genetic value of the cow for each type trait was included as a risk factor. This was done separately for two subpopulations (registered and non registered herds) and with or without adjustment for production traits, i.e., conside...

An 11-year-old Holstein-Friesian cow exhibited anorexia and jaundice. A large mass was found in the liver during necropsy. Macroscopically, the mass was composed of dark red multilobular tissue and a centrally located abscess, which was connected to the hepatic duct. Histologically, the mass consisted of proliferation of small neoplastic cells and was demarcated from the hepatic parenchyma by a...

Pasture-based automatic milking systems (AMS) require cow traffic to enable cows to be milked. The interval between milkings can be manipulated by strategically allocating pasture. The current experiment investigated the effect of replacing an allocation of grazed pasture with grazed soybean (Glycine max) with the hypothesis that incorporating soybean would increase voluntary cow traffic and mi...

The future value of an individual dairy cow depends greatly on its projected milk yield. In developed countries with developed dairy industry infrastructures, facilities exist to record individual cow production and reproduction outcomes consistently and accurately. Accurate prediction of the future value of a dairy cow requires further detailed knowledge of the costs associated with feed, mana...

Typically, central milk recording data from dairy herds are recorded less than monthly. Over-fitting early in lactation periods is a challenge, which we explored in different ways by reducing the number of parameters needed to describe the milk yield and somatic cell count of individual cows. Furthermore, we investigated how the parameters of lactation models correlate between parities and from...

Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) has been proposed as a management tool for nutritionists and dairy farmers to use as a monitor for protein feeding rates and nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows. Dietary crude protein (CP) content has the greatest nutritional influence on MUN concentrations and has the potential to be used as a management tool for assessing dietary protein feeding. The MUN conce...

As ruminants are able to digest fibre efficiently and assuming that competition for feed v. food use would intensify in the future, cereals and other field crops should primarily be destined to cover the dietary needs of humans and monogastric animals such as poultry and pigs. Farming systems with a reduced or absent concentrate supplementation, as postulated by organic agriculture associations...

Abstract The aim of the current experiment is to reduce heat stress on imported Holstein cows in central Iraq during months August and September. Using 12 multiparous from milk-producing raised station, divided into three treatments each treatment containing 4 cows. C = without spraying (control treatment), T1 sprayed once a day at 1 pm T2 twice 11 am pm. results statistical analysis indicated ...