Yeast-like endosymbionts (YLSs) of insects often are restricted to specific hosts and are essential to the host's survival. For example, in planthoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae), endosymbionts function in sterol utilization and nitrogen recycling for the hosts. Our study, designed to investigate evolutionary changes in the YLS lineage involved in the planthopper association, strongly suggests a...

Summary The sugarcane whitefly, Neomaskellia andropogonis Corbett (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the important pests in Iran. use selective chemical insecticides helps to suppress whitefly infestations. Although several from various groups have been registered control whiteflies, this first study test efficacy deltamethrin, dinotefuran and spiromesifen against eggs, second instar nymphs pu...