Observations of the New England coastal front show that the extraordinary temperature gradients are caused by ageostrophic wind deformation, that is, deformation in the vertical plane. The phenomenon is therefore an instance of rapid (non-classical) frontogenesis, a process broadly characterized by a lack of geostrophic balance between the temperature gradient and vertical wind shear. The prima...

Surface currents play a major role in the distribution of contaminants, the connectivity of marine populations, and can influence the vertical and horizontal distribution of nutrients within the water column. This paper aims to determine the effects of sea breeze-wind patterns on the climatology of the surface currents on the continental shelf surrounding Rottnest Island, WA Australia. The alte...

The Chinese Gaofen-3 (GF-3) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) launched by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) has operated at C-band since September 2016. To date, we have collected 16/42 images in vertical-vertical (VV)/horizontal-horizontal (HH) polarization, covering the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy measurements of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) aro...

A diagnostic axisymmetric model in isentropic coordinates is developed to study the effect of differential heating on the dynamics and energetics of the steady-state tropical cyclone. From the thermal forcing specified by various heating distributions, slowly varying solutions for the mass and momentum fields are obtained by an iterative technique. The theory of available potential energy for o...

Two three-dimensional primitive equation numerical ocean models are applied to the problem of internal Kelvin waves and coastal upwelling in the Great Lakes. One is the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) with a terrain-following (sigma) vertical coordinate, and the other is the Dietrich/Center for Air Sea Technology (DIECAST) model with constant z-level coordinates. The sigma coordinate system is part...

Stratospheric vertical winds from analysis data in pressure (p) or hybrid pressure (σ -p) coordinates, for use in e.g. chemical transport models (CTMs) or trajectory models, often suffer both from excessive noise and errors in their mean magnitude, which in turn can introduce errors in important dynamical quantities like vertical mixing or constituent transport with the residual circulation. Si...

At the Collm Observatory of the University of Leipzig LF D1 low-frequency total re ̄ection nighttime wind measurements have been carried out continuously for more than two decades. Using a multiple regression analysis to derive prevailing winds, tides and the quasi-2-day wave from the half-hourly mean values of the horizontal wind components, monthly mean values of mesopause wind parameters are ...

WEST, Inc. (2006) reported on the first year of fatality monitoring in the Diablo Winds Energy Project, which replaced 169 vertical axis wind turbines with 31 larger horizontal axis wind turbines in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area (APWRA). WEST, Inc. also compared bird utilization and mortality in the project area to utilization and mortality reported by Smallwood and Thelander (2004) acro...

In this work the spectra based model of the correlation between lidar systems and wind turbines is extended from rotor-effective wind speed only, to rotor-effective wind speed and linear horizontal and vertical shear components. This is achieved by the incorporation of a model based wind field reconstruction method solving a set of linear equations with the least-squares method. The model allow...

Abstract: Wind load is the key and sensitive for tower structure but national standards tend to think that level stiffness change of cup type transmission tower is uniform along the height. The structure stiffness change of cup type transmission tower was simulated innovatively and found its nonuniformity. The result shows that the structural stiffness uniformly changes along the height when th...