BACKGROUND Irregular bleeding is one of the most common side effects of hormonal contraception and a key reason for the discontinuation of hormonal methods. STUDY DESIGN A qualitative study in which 12 young women volunteered to be interviewed in depth, along with six focus group discussions (23 participants). The study had two main research objectives: to document and investigate what young ...

Publication of the article by Skovlund et al. ‘Association of hormonal contraception with depression’ [1] has produced a strong media reaction in several countries, with recent headlines like those in the German magazines Gala ‘Finally proven: the Pill causes depression’ and Brigitte ‘Danish scientists show the Pill increases the risk of depression in young women by 80%’. Although the article’s...

conclusions chronic use of opioids may lead to alterations in sexual features and sexual hormones. therefore, opioids have the potential to cause infertility. these changes may result from the effect of the drugs on the hypophysis or hypothalamus, the direct effect of the drugs on the seminiferous tubules, or a combination of both. the findings suggest that public awareness about addiction may ...

background: tissue injuries may provoke neuro-hormonal response which in turn may lead to release of inflammatory cytokines. we hypothesize that block of afferent sensory pathways by infiltration of 0.5% bupivacaine in the scalp may decrease neuro-hormonal response in the neurosurgical patient. methods: after obtaining informed consent, forty asa physical statuses i, ii, or iii patients between...

In this study, human MCF-7 breast cancer cells, which express functional estrogen and progesterone receptors, were used to compare the efficacy of combined antiestrogen plus antiprogestin therapy to antiestrogen monotherapy. Cells were treated with the antiestrogen 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) and/or the antiprogestin mifepristone (MIF) and effects on cell proliferation (cytostatic action), cell ...

Collision tumor represents the proximal coexistence of two histologically distinct tumors. The combination different types tumors in a single thyroid gland is extremely unusual. We reported case follicular carcinoma and papillary microcarcinoma occur independently as primary separated by normal tissue 59- year- old Saudi female, presented at clinic with goiter for months duration without sympto...

An unusual combination of congenital malformations in a 16-year-old emotionally disturbed man is described. The anomalies included severe congenital bilateral leg lymphedema, bilateral gynecomastia, unilateral cataract, and malformed external genitalia. Genetic and hormonal investigations were unremarkable. Multiple concomitant operations (vascular and plastic surgeons) to correct the deformiti...

• Trastuzumab (HerceptinTM) is a recombinant humanised monoclonal antibody that inhibits the proliferation of human tumour cells that overexpress the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). In patients with metastatic breast cancer whose tumours overexpress HER2, trastuzumab is licensed as monotherapy or combination therapy with other chemotherapy or hormonal agents until progression o...

Background: PCOS was a common hormonal disorder caused by hyperandrogenism so the ovaries enlarged with many small follicles appear like cysts. The aetiology still unknown, but mounting evidence suggests that can be complex multigenic strong epigenetic and environmental influences. Therapeutic options include combined oral contraception, antiandrogens, etc. Case Presentation: Ms. N, 17 years ol...

Hormone-dependent cancers contribute to the majority of cancer deaths in women. Treatment options for hormonal such as breast, endometrial, prostate, and ovarian aim at inhibiting key signalling pathways hormones responsible cell proliferation. Hormonal therapies long run cause musculoskeletal disorders, Disease reoccurrence, drug resistance. There is a need new alternative prevent treat carcin...