Joint morphogenesis is the process in which prenatal joints acquire their reciprocal and interlocking shapes. Despite the clinical importance of the process, it remains unclear how joints acquire their shapes. In this study, we simulate 3D mechanobiological joint morphogenesis for which the effects of a range of movements (or lack of movement) and different initial joint shapes are explored. We...

Objective The objective of this study was to describe the initial stage of a generalized theory of high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust (HVLAT) techniques for joint manipulation. Methods This study examined the movements described by authors from the fields of osteopathy, chiropractic, and physical therapy to produce joint cavitation in both the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint and the cervical...

This experiment was carried out to test the hypothesis that three-dimensional upper limb movements could be initiated and controlled in the joint space via a mechanism comparing an estimate of the current postural state of the upper arm with a target value determined by one specific inverse static transform converting the coordinates of the object into a set of arm, forearm, and wrist angles. T...

The present study addressed the interactions between interlimb and intralimb constraints during the control of bimanual multi-joint movements. Participants performed eight coordination tasks involving bilateral shoulder-elbow (expt I) and shoulder-wrist (expt II) movements. Three principal findings were obtained. First, the principle of muscle homology (in-phase coordination), giving rise to mi...

Slow circular movements of the hand with a fixed wrist joint that were produced in a horizontal plane under visual guidance during conditions of action of the elastic load directed tangentially to the movement trajectory were studied. The positional dependencies of the averaged surface EMGs in the muscles of the elbow and shoulder joints were compared for four possible combinations in the direc...