The prefrontal cortex is critical to many cognitive abilities that are considered particularly human, and forms a large part of a neural system crucial for normal socio-emotional and executive functioning in humans and other primates. In this chapter, we survey the literature regarding prefrontal development and pathology in humans as well as comparative studies of the region in humans and clos...

The clinical spectrum of leishmaniasis and control of the infection are influenced by the parasite-host relationship. The role of cellular immune responses of the Th1 type in the protection against disease in experimental and human leishmaniasis is well established. In humans, production of IFN-gamma is associated with the control of infection in children infected by Leishmania chagasi. In visc...

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative conditions in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize the molecular background of phenotypic variability, relation of prion protein (PrP) to other proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases, and pathogenesis of neuronal vulnerability. PrP exists in different forms that may be present in both diseased and non-diseased brain, however, a...

1 Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS), CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy 2Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain 3Human Cancer Genetics Program/CCC, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 4Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Ro...