CONTEXT With aging, the detrimental effects of stress can impair a person's ability to learn and sustain memory. Humor and its associated mirthful laughter can reduce stress by decreasing the hormone cortisol. Chronic release of cortisol can damage hippocampal neurons, leading to impairment of learning and memory. Objectives • The study intended to examine the effect of watching a humor video o...

The treatment of infectious diseases determines its history back to the research of many scientists, such as Persian scholars. The outstanding Persian scientist Avicenna (980-1037 AD) who is remembered for his contributions to the science of medicine was a master in curing many diseases like rabies. It is possible to analyze Avicenna’s opinions about rabies and his contributions to this problem...

Dating to fifth century BCE in Greece and the Hippocratic Movement of Physicians that created the beginnings of Western Medicine, a combination of bodily fluids and discharges, termed humors, described how the human body functioned. Among the four humors, phlegm was one and was connected to old age and winter (1). Consider that respiratory secretions in the elderly might reflect the cumulative ...

Based on the Canon of Medicine by Avicenna (980-1037), fever is defined as an abnormal heat ignited in the heart and spreads throughout the body via the arteries (1). Following the Galen theory about fevers (2), Avicenna describes three main types of fevers in relation with the three types of material structures in the body (2). According to the theory of "Natural bodily af-fairs" mentioned in ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab on retinal ganglion cells and microvessels at the early stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM). DM was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg body weight streptozotocin. A total of 80 diabetic rats were randomly assigned to...

M edicine is both an art and a science whose relative proportions have seen dramatic changes over the years. Until the middle ages medicine was based on Greek theory and philosophy rather than on scientific observation. The teachings of Hippocrates and Galen guided medical practice, and it was widely believed that the human body had four humors: blood from the heart, phlegm from the brain, yell...

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. One of the important risk factors of cardiovascular disease is hyperlipidemia especially high levels of serum cholesterol. Due to the importance of hypercholesterolemia, being a serious condition, various treatments are used to control it, regardless of the cause, most of treatments, ...

Objective: The first and most common cause of death in the world is due to cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia one important a critical controllable risk factors for these diseases. connection between fat metabolism wide range side effects chemical drugs, increasing attention use natural remedies reveal necessity further viewpoints other schools medicine, including complementary medicine. T...

For a long time, before we developed an appreciation of the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the brain, there was uncertainty as to the nature and source of the human mind. Philosophers linked the mind to mythical "humors" that controlled the human body, and others speculated that the mind was associated with "life-force" or soul. Few felt that there was a relation between the human mind and...