Previous research has suggested that sensory characteristics of a drink modify the acute satiating effects of its nutrients, with enhanced satiety being evident when a high-energy drink was thicker and tasted creamier. The present study tested whether this modulation of satiety by sensory context was altered by repeated consumption. Participants (n 48) consumed one of four drinks mid-morning on...

Anorexia is a frequent part of uremic syndrome, contributing to malnutrition in dialysis patients. Many factors have been suggested as responsible for uremic anorexia. In this paper we formulate a new hypothesis to explain the appetite disorders in dialysis patients: "the tryptophan/serotonin disorder hypothesis." We review current knowledge of normal hunger-satiety cycle control and the disord...

Some individuals exhibit a weak satiety response to food and may be susceptible to overconsumption. The current study identified women showing consistently low or high satiety responses to standardised servings of food across four separate days and compared them on behavioural, psychological and physiological risk factors for overeating and future weight gain. In a crossover design, 30 female p...

The worldwide increase in the incidence of obesity is a consequence of a positive energy balance, with energy intake exceeding expenditure. The signalling systems that underlie appetite control are complex, and the present review highlights our current understanding of key components of these systems. The pattern of eating in obesity ranges from over-eating associated with binge-eating disorder...

The increase in the prevalence of obesity has coincided with an increase in portion sizes of foods both inside and outside the home, suggesting that larger portions may play a role in the obesity epidemic. Although it will be difficult to establish a causal relationship between increasing portion size and obesity, data indicate that portion size does influence energy intake. Several well-contro...

Almost all circulating gut peptides contribute to the control of food intake by signalling satiety. One important exception is ghrelin, the only orexigenic peptide hormone thus far described. Ghrelin secretion increases before meals and behavioural and electrophysiological evidence shows that ghrelin acts in the hypothalamus via homeostatic pathways to signal hunger and increase food intake and...

OBJECTIVE This study determined the hormonal and subjective appetite responses to exercise (1-h continuous versus intermittent exercise throughout the day) in obese individuals. DESIGN AND METHODS Eleven obese subjects (>30 kg/m(2) ) underwent three 12-h study days: control condition [sedentary behavior (SED)], continuous exercise condition [(EX) 1-h exercise], and intermittent exercise condi...

Natural feeding behaviour in animals is genetically determined and is characteristic of the species. In the normal adult animal with readily available food supplies, the balance between energy intake from food and over-all energy output from the body is regulated with remarkable accuracy over long periods of time. This homeostatic regulation is controlled by the central nervous system, which mo...

Bilateral destructions of a well localised area in lateral hypothalamus led to complete cessation of eating, while lesions involving ventromedial nuclei or the region between these and lateral area produced hyperphagia and obesity. The lateral region (hunger mechanism) was designated 'feeding center' and the medial (inhibitory control) 'satiety center.' [The SCI indicates that this paper has be...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Studies in animals suggest a physiological role for glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)-amide (GLP-1) in regulating satiety. The role of GLP-1 in regulating food intake in man has, however, not been investigated. Subjects-Sixteen healthy male subjects were examined in a double blind placebo controlled fashion. METHODS The effect of graded intravenous doses (0, 0.375, 0.75, and 1.5 ...