The flavoprotein medium-chain acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) dehydrogenase from pig kidney exhibits an intrinsic hydratase activity toward crotonyl-CoA yielding L-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. The maximal turnover number of about 0.5 min-1 is 500-1000-fold slower than the dehydrogenation of butyryl-CoA using electron-transferring flavoprotein as terminal acceptor. trans-2-Octenoyl- and trans-2-hexadecenoyl...

Calcium carbide residue (CCR) is a waste by-product from acetylene gas production. The main component of CCR is Ca(OH)₂, which can react with siliceous materials through pozzolanic reactions, resulting in a product similar to those obtained from the cement hydration process. Thus, it is possible to use CCR as a substitute for Portland cement in concrete. In this research, we synthesized CCR and...

Hydraulic cements develop mechanical strength and low permeability as a result of hydration, which involves chemical reactions between water and the anhydrous compounds present in the cement. Solid hydration products form both at the surfaces of the cement particles and in the pore space by nucleation and aggregation. As a result, the solid phase becomes highly connected and the material transf...

The hydration of propylene with sulfuric acid catalyst in high-temperature water was investigated using a flow reaction system. The major product was isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Diisopropyl ether, n-propyl alcohol and C6 olefins were produced as byproducts. The temperature dependency of reaction rate for propylene disappearance was measured in the range of 280-400°C at a fixed pressure of 30 MPa. ...

Developing new sustainable concrete technology has become an urgent need, requiring faster and deeper insights into the fundamental mechanisms driving cement hydration reactions. Molecular simulations have potential to provide such understanding since reaction chemistry are particularly dominated by at atomic scale. In this letter, we review application of two major approaches namely classical ...

Enzymes from extremophilic microorganisms usually catalyze chemical reactions in non-standard conditions. Such conditions promote aggregation, precipitation, and denaturation, reducing the activity of most non-extremophilic enzymes, frequently due to the absence of sufficient hydration. Some extremophilic enzymes maintain a tight hydration shell and remain active in solution even when liquid wa...

Recent experimental findings indicate that HSO5 radicals may play a key role in the nucleation of atmospheric SO2 oxidation products. HSO5 radicals are metastable intermediates formed in the SO2 oxidation process, and their stability and lifetime are, at present, highly uncertain. Previous high-level computational studies have predicted rather low stabilities for HSO5 with respect to dissociati...

In a pioneering work, Powers and Brownyard (1948) were the first to systematically investigate the reaction of cement and water and the formation of cement paste. In the late 1940s they presented a thorough model of the cement paste, in which unreacted water and cement, the hydration product, and (gel and capillary) porosity were considered. Via extensive and carefully executed experiments majo...