A range of continental-scale soil datasets exists in Europe with different spatial representation and based on different principles. We developed comprehensive pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for applications principally on spatial datasets with continental coverage. The PTF development included the prediction of soil water retention at various matric potentials and prediction of parameters to ch...

A 4-year fertilization experiment with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) was carried out in natural gaps of a subtropical forest in northeastern Argentina. Saplings of six dominant canopy species differing in shade tolerance were grown in five control and five N + P fertilized gaps. Hydraulic architectural traits such as wood density, the leaf area to sapwood area ratio (LA : SA), vulnerability t...

We consider pressure-driven, steady-state Poiseuille flow in straight channels with various cross-sectional shapes: elliptic, rectangular, triangular, and harmonic-perturbed circles. A given shape is characterized by its perimeter P and area A which are combined into the dimensionless compactness number C= P2/A, while the hydraulic resistance is characterized by the well-known dimensionless geo...

Ions can enhance water flow through the xylem via changes in the hydraulic resistance at border pit membranes. Because flow between adjacent xylem vessels occurs primarily via bordered pit fields, it is hypothesized that xylem sap ion concentrations would affect lateral movement of water more than longitudinal flow. Using tomato as a model system, evidence is presented for ion-mediated changes ...

OBJECTIVE While chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) can be characterized using cervical plethysmography, much remains unknown about the haemodynamics associated with this procedure. The aim of the study was therefore to gain a deeper understanding of the observed haemodynamics. METHOD Forty healthy controls and 44 CCSVI patients underwent cervical plethysmography, which involve...

The hydraulic resistance of vegetation can play a major role in the hydrodynamics of vegetated streams or rivers with extensive natural floodplains. Contrary to commonly used wall roughness methods, vegetation penetrates the flow field causing drag and, subsequently, additional energy losses. Klopstra et al. (1997) derived an analytical solution of the flow velocity profile over and through a f...

In an axial flow machine, fluids flow condition, that is flow pattern in a rotating flow passage changes its form and magnitude by the hydraulic resistance to the fluid flow in flow passage. Effect of centrifugal force becomes stronger with the increase of hydraulic resistance, and the flow rate becomes smaller. And, in the comparison of fluids flow condition among different axial flow machines...

Hydraulic architecture parameters, water relation parameters and wood anatomy were studied in roots and shoots of the flood-tolerant tree Annona glabra L. on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Hydraulic conductivity, leaf specific conductivity, and Huber value were similar to the corresponding values for tree species living in non-flooded habitats. The vulnerability of stems to loss of hydraulic co...

We examined the effects of graded reduction of afterload on the global left ventricular and regional myocardial functions as well as coronary hemodynamics in hearts with regional ischemia. We used isolated, paced canine hearts that were loaded with a hydraulic system that simulated the aortic input impedance of the dog's arterial tree. The loading conditions could be quantitatively and sequenti...

In environmental flood management, an essential task is to improve channel conveyance using environmentally preferable methods, which aim to preserve natural morphological and hydraulic characteristics of a river. This requires a reliable channel design method that accounts for complex hydraulics, i.e. two-stage channel or considerable bank vegetation. Hydraulic field measurements were carried ...