Since the emergence of power market, the target of power generating utilities has mainly switched from cost minimization to revenue maximization. They dispatch their power energy generation units in the uncertain environment of power market. As a result, multi-stage stochastic programming has been applied widely by many power generating agents as a suitable tool for dealing with self-scheduling...

We develop a two-stage stochastic programming model with integer first-stage and mixed-integer recourse for solving the unit commitment problem in power generation in the presence of uncertainty of load profiles. The solution methodology rests on a novel scenario decomposition method for stochastic integer programming. This method combines Lagrangian relaxation of non-anticipativity constraints...

Automatic Generation Control (AGC); Boiler dynamics; Generation Rate Constraint (GRC); Governor dead band; Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller; Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm Abstract This paper presents the design and performance analysis of Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm based Proportional–Integral (PI) and Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controllers for Aut...

This paper presents a forward recursive procedure to calculate the expected system marginal cost curve (EMC). The EMC formulation allows for multi-state and multi-block dispatch of generating units and is used to determine the optimal energy of pumped-storage units. A new approach is developed to compute the first and second derivatives of the expected generation energy of a thermal unit with r...

This paper presents a stochastic mixed-integer linear programming approach for solving the self-scheduling problem of a price-taker thermal and wind power producer taking part in a pool-based electricity market. Uncertainty on electricity price and wind power is considered through a set of scenarios. Numerical results from a case study are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed...

The psychological reproduction of cocaine’s ability to increase happiness was studied. first part this study consisted building and validating an instrument measure the stable transient aspects via 10-item Happiness Trait–State Scale (10 HTSS) in a sample volunteers (N = 128). In second part, Self-Regulation Therapy (SRT, procedure based on suggestion classic conditioning) applied all participa...

High thermal and hydro-thermal stable MCM-48 was synthesized by a mixed nonionic–cationic surfactant templating pathway. The sample retains its cubic structure when at 1000 8C for 2 h and when calcined in air with 100% water vapor at 600 8C for 2 h. # 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hydro-power plants are able to produce electrical energy in a sustainable way. A known format for producing is through generation scheduling, which task usually established as Unit Commitment problem. The challenge this process define the amount of that each turbine-generator needs deliver plant, fulfill requested dispatch commitment, while coping with operational restrictions. An optimal sched...