A new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed strategy for the regioselective monoesterification of isosorbide (IS) at either endo (5-OH) or exo (2-OH) position is described. Site-selective acylation proceeds under oxidative conditions in presence a quinone oxidant using aldehydes as mild acylating agents. Experimental evidences suggest role stereoelectronic features acyl azolium salt intermedia...

The paper using sugarcane pith as a raw material, the feasibility of aluminum hydroxide Lewis acid combined with microwave conditions to be used resource was investigated.Under combination stellate and microwave, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) in 0.9% liquid phase product can detected, its low yield is worthy further improvement. Economic analysis shows that added value 5-HMF produced by high...

Abstract Furan‐2,5‐dimethylcarboxylate (FDMC), along with ethylene glycol (EG), is the key monomer to produce (poly‐(ethylene‐furanoate) (PEF). Noble metal‐based catalysts can convert hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) FDMC in methanol through liquid phase catalytic oxidative esterification. In this work, performance of Au, Pd and AuPd NPs supported on nanosized nickel oxide (nNiO) have been evaluate...

A membrane bioreactor was developed to counteract the inhibition effect of furfural in ethanol production. Furfural, a major inhibitor in lignocellulosic hydrolyzates, is a highly toxic substance which is formed from pentose sugars released during the acidic degradation of lignocellulosic materials. Continuous cultivations with complete cell retention were performed at a high dilution rate of 0...

The present study was conducted to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of honey which were collected in Erbil city and surrounding area. total number samples gathered 12. moisture content, pH, ash, electrical conductivity (E.C), hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), colour, minerals sugar contents. HPLC method used determine content profile (fructose, glucose sucrose) while assessed by ICP/mass sp...

BACKGROUND Biofuels offer a viable alternative to petroleum-based fuel. However, current methods are not sufficient and the technology required in order to use lignocellulosic biomass as a fermentation substrate faces several challenges. One challenge is the need for a robust fermentative microorganism that can tolerate the inhibitors present during lignocellulosic fermentation. These inhibitor...

In this study, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was applied to isolate four strains of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum able grow in the presence hemicellulosic hydrolysate inhibitors unsupported by parental strain. Among them, RAC-25 presented best fermentative performance, producing 22.1 g/L ABE and 16.7 butanol. Genome sequencing revealed a deletion arabinose transcriptional repress...

BACKGROUND Fermentation of bioethanol using lignocellulosic biomass as a raw material provides a sustainable alternative to current biofuel production methods by utilising waste food streams as raw material. Before lignocellulose can be fermented, it requires physical, chemical and enzymatic treatment in order to release monosaccharides, a process that causes the chemical transformation of gluc...