Understanding disease of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament (CCL) The CCL is one of the most important stabilizers of the knee. It prevents hyperextension, limits internal rotation, and prevents the tibia (shin bone) from sliding forward each time the leg bears weight. When the CCL is damaged, the result is an unstable knee. This instability results in pain and inflammation. Over time, debilitating ...

The Halifax interlaminar clamp is designed for posterior fixation of the cervical column. This technique has the advantages of being fast, safe, light and RM compatible. However the procedure is not useful when the laminae are fractured, not preventing either hyperextension or cervical rotation. We present our experience with the use of this technique in twelve patients who underwent posterior ...

Clinical appearance of isolated traumatic rupture of the subscapularis tendon confirmed with sonography, double contrast CT and intraoperatively in two patients has been presented. The mechanism of the injury--forceful external rotation and hyperextension of the arm, increased passive external rotation and positive "lifft of test" may lead to the correct diagnosis.