Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hyperandrogenic condition characterized by polycystic morphology and chronic oligo-anovulation. When it combines with hypothyroidism hyperprolactinemia, this can have severe consequences, may even lead to infertility.
 Case Presentation: This case study illustrates the complexity of PCOS significance multidisciplinary approach its diagnos...

1. Reference 19 in the original article [1] (Frazier JA, et al. Risperidone treatment for juvenile bipolar disorder: a retrospective chart review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;38:960–5) was quoted as indicating that one of the 9 of 11 outpatients aged 4–17 years treated with risperidone who developed hyperprolactinemia had amenorrhea and one had gynecomastia. In fact, the only hyper...

OBJECTIVE Hyperprolactinemia is associated with bone fragility. Traditionally attributed to prolactin-induced hypogonadism, recent studies have identified increased fracture rates independent of gonadal function. METHODS We performed a systematic review to identify studies assessing fracture risk in patients with untreated hyperprolactinemia compared to those on dopamine agonists. MEDLINE, EM...

BACKGROUND/AIM Nipple discharge syndrome is a clinical entity capable of presenting various disorders such is mammary infection (nonpuerperal and puerperal mastitis), intraductal papillomas, fibrodenoma, breast cancer and hyperprolactinemia syndrome. The aim of the study was to determine differences in cytological features of mammary secretion in patients with hyperprolactinemia and those with ...

UNLABELLED A 21-year-old woman presented with amenorrhea, bilateral galactorrhea and fatigue. Visual acuity and visual fields were normal. Laboratory examination demonstrated hyperprolactinemia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary showed a 19×17×12-mm sellar mass with supra- and parasellar extension, causing compression of the pituitary stalk and optic chiasm. Further examinations...

The effect of hyperprolactinemia on the prostate has not been well investigated. Since androgens play an important role in prostate development, growth and function, the goal of the present study was to estimate the influence of hyperprolactinemia on expression of the androgen receptor (AR) in rat epithelial cells of prostate dorsal lobe and on morphology of these cells. Studies were performed ...

CONTEXT Dopamine agonists are the treatment of choice for prolactinomas and symptomatic idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. However, the optimal treatment strategy and treatment duration is not clear in all details. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the effect of dopamine agonist withdrawal in patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas. DATA SOURCES PubMed, the Coch...

Long term use of high doses of estrogen and the presence of chronic hyperprolactinemia may, at least in the rat, provoke lesions in the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons responsible for the control of prolactin (Prl) secretion. This occurrence, which is not yet well documented in humans, may have taken place in a patient on chronic oral hormonal contraceptive (OC) treatment who was...

High prolactin hormone level in the blood is known as hyperprolactinemia. The most common symptom of hyperprolactinemia is galactorrhea, in which spontaneous milky discharge is seen from all ducts of the two mammary glands. Dopamine has an inhibitor effect on prolactin, in the tuberoinfundibular tract and inhibition of dopamine increases the serum prolactin level (Feuchtl et al. 2004). Monoamin...