Vasodilators lower the blood pressure by decreasing total peripheral resistance. The hemodynamic changes depend on the mix between arteriolar and venous dilatation. Since the compensatory responses are blunted with sympatholytic agents and diuretics, vasodilators can be applied effectively in the treatment of hypertension. Hydralazine and prazosin are used as step III drugs in combination with ...

PURPOSE Intravenous antihypertensive agents for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies are reviewed. SUMMARY An estimated 500,000 people in the United States experience a hypertensive crisis annually. Hypertensive emergency is associated with significant morbidity in the form of end-organ damage. Rapid controlled reduction of blood pressure (BP) may be necessary to prevent or minimize end-...

Introduction. Cardiac failure during pregnancy is usually related to preeclampsia/eclampsia, rarely to hyperthyroidism. While hyperthyroidism can easily lead to hypertensive cardiac failure and may harm the fetus, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish hyperthyroidism from normal pregnancy. Case Presentation. We encountered a case of 41-year-old pregnant woman with hypertensive cardiac failur...

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by acute onset of headache, nausea, focal neurological deficits or seizures along with radiological findings of white matter defects in the parietal and occipital lobes. Causes of PRES include uremia, hypertensive encephalopathy, eclampsia and immunosuppressive medications. Usually, the treatment of choice involves correcting ...

Introduction and Objectives: The incidence and prevalence of hypertensive emergency have been little addressed in the literature. However, over the last decade increasing numbers of young patients with different forms of hypertensive crisis have been observed in emergency departments. We performed this study to ascertain the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients aged ≤45 year...

INTRODUCTION Hypertensive encephalopathy with the clinicoradiological entity posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in the setting of venlafaxine as single therapy has not been reported earlier. CASE DESCRIPTION A 46-year-old man developed hypertensive encephalopathy associated with venlafaxine as single therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, pre and post gadolinium, carried ...