WHAT IS HYPERURICEMIA? Uric acid is an oxidation product of purine metabolism, which in primates (including humans) is largely eliminated by the kidney and the gut. Most non-primate mammals express uricase, an enzyme that converts serum uric acid into allantoin, which is easily excreted by the kidneys. Nonprimate mammals thus usually have low serum uric acid (SUA) levels (below 2 mg/ dl), while...

The pathophysiology of gout is well understood, and effective treatments for acute gout and hyperuricemia leading to gout are widely available. Nonetheless, many patients suffer from severe tophaceous gouty arthritis, adverse effects of medications for gout, and inadequate treatment of hyperuricemia. The incidence of gout is rising in both men and women. The diagnosis and treatment of gout are ...

This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and associated risk factors among Japanese-Brazilians. We obtained data on demographic, health history, food intake, and laboratory variables. Chi-square and prevalence ratios were used as measures of association. 35.3% of the subjects presented hyperuricemia, which was more frequent in smokers, males, age > 55 years, ...

This study investigated the prevalence and determinants of hyperuricemia in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with central obesity. A multicentric hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Guangdong Province between August 2011 and March 2012. At each hospital, Chinese T2DM patients with central obesity who were aged over 20 years, whose serum uric acid levels were ...

• The concept of a fungalImycotoxin etiology of gout/ hyperuricemia in humans was first reported by Costantini (1989) (1). Gout and/or hyperuricemia have been induced in animals by the fungal species Ustilago maydis, Chaetomium trilaterale, Saccharomyces cerversiae, and by the mycotoxins, aflatox'm, ochratoxin, oosporein, oxalic acid. Gout and/or hyperuricemia have been induced in humans by the...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Endothelial dysfunction is an early manifestation of vascular injury and contributes to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have implicated hyperuricemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that lowering uric acid in subjects with asymptomatic hyperuricemia with allopurinol might improve endothelial dysfunc...

We have performed exome-wide association studies to identify genetic variants that influence renal function-related traits or confer susceptibility to chronic kidney disease or hyperuricemia in Japanese. Exome-wide association studies for estimated glomerular filtration rate and the serum concentration of creatinine were performed with 12,565 individuals, that for the serum concentration of uri...

Elevated serum urate, which is regulated at multiple levels including genetic variants, is a risk factor for gout and other metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between UCP2 variants and serum urate as well as hyperuricemia in a Chinese population. In total, 4332 individuals were genotyped for two common UCP2 variants, -866G/A and Ala55Val. These loci were not ass...

Hyperuriacemia has been reported as an independent predictor of shortand long-term prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome. 1,2 In the recent issue of Acta Cardiologica Sinica, Akgul et al. advocated that uric acid > 5.7 mg/dl was associated with increased in-hospital and six-month cardiovascular death in Turkish patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) underg...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although many studies have indicated a relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hyperuricemia, a few studies specifically examining the effects of the severity of liver fat content (LFC) on serum uric acid (SUA) and the presence of hyperuricemia because of the limitation of the examination methods for NAFLD. In this study, we investigate the relation...