Antifreeze protein (AFP) has a unique function of reducing solution freezing temperature to protect organisms from ice damage. However, its functional mechanism is not well understood. An intriguing question concerning AFP function is how the high selectivity for ice ligand is achieved in the presence of free water of much higher concentration which likely imposes a large kinetic barrier for pr...

Progress is reported in the integration of two methodologies to enable the efficiency application of realistic combustion chemistry in computational fluid dynamics. These methodologies are ICE-PIC (invariant constrained-equilibrium edge manifold using the pre-image curve method) for dimension reduction, and ISAT (in situ adaptive tabulation) for tabulation of the reduced system. New results are...

BACKGROUND The use of ice as a supplement to an exercise programme has been recommended for the management of lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET). No studies have examined its effectiveness. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether an exercise programme supplemented with ice is more successful than the exercise programme alone in treating patients with LET. METHODS Patients with unilateral LET for at...

aflatoxin m1 (afm1) is the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) that it can be found in milk and dairy products. in this study, elisa (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) technique was used for detection of afm1 in ice-cream in guilan province (northern iran). a total of 90 ice-cream samples was randomly obtained from different supermarkets. in 62 of the 90 ice-cream samples examined (...

background: mucositis is an important adverse effect of cancer treatment. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ice cubes on oral mucositis following head and neck radiotherapy. materials and methods: a randomized controlled trial was conducted on 40 head and neck cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy. the patients were randomly divided into two experimental and control gr...

Growth of ice on surfaces poses a challenge for both organisms and for devices that come into contact with liquids below the freezing point. Resistance of some organisms to ice formation and growth, either in subtidal environments (e.g., Antarctic anchor ice), or in environments with moisture and cold air (e.g., plants, intertidal) begs examination of how this is accomplished. Several factors m...

Ice formation and accretion may hinder the operation of many systems critical to national infrastructure, including airplanes, power lines, windmills, ships, and telecommunications equipment. Yet despite the pervasiveness of the icing problem, the fundamentals of ice adhesion have received relatively little attention in the scientific literature and it is not widely understood which attributes ...

The effects of a finite ice strength on a new model for sea ice dynamics, deriving the internal pressure field from a global optimization problem, rather than a local rheology, are examined. Building on the promising results from the one-dimensional Lagrangian model described previously, here we add one of the key properties of sea ice. In order to investigate the behavior of the model under ic...