Auditory icons – caricatures of everyday sounds – have the potential to convey information by non-verbal means quickly and accurately. Two experiments investigated the application of auditory icons as warning signals to the civil aviation cockpit environment. Warning signals that are iconic and that stand in a direct relation to the event being signalled, such as the sound of coughing to signal...

The current study investigated how individual differences among children affect the added value of social robots for teaching second language (L2) vocabulary to young children. Specifically, we moderating role three child characteristics deemed relevant learning: first (L1) knowledge, phonological memory, and selective attention. We expected low in these abilities particularly benefit from bein...

A general-purpose object indexing technique is described that combines the virtues of principal component analysis with the favorable matching properties of high-dimensional spaces to achieve high precision recognition. An object is represented by a set of high-dimensional iconic feature vectors comprised of the responses of derivative of Gaussian filters at a range of orientations and scales. ...

According to one important proposal, the difference between perception and cognition consists in the representational formats used in the two systems (Carey, 2009; Burge, 2010; Block, 2014). In particular, it is claimed that perceptual representations are iconic, or image-like, while cognitive representations are discursive, or language-like. Taking object perception as a test case, this paper ...

background: multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic demyelinating disease that can affect cognitive function. the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of ginkgo biloba (gb) on improvement of memory impairment and quality of life in patients with ms. methods: this study was an 8-week, open study of patients with ms. thirty patients was recruited from a variety of outpatient settings. al...

Multi-modal discourse comprehension requires speakers to combine information from speech and gestures. To date, little research has addressed the cognitive resources that underlie these processes. Here we used a dual task paradigm to test the relative importance of verbal and visuo-spatial working memory in speech-gesture comprehension. Healthy, collegeaged participants encoded either a series ...

In three experiments, subjects attempted to detect the change of a single item in a visually presented array of items. Subjects' ability to detect a change was greatly reduced if a blank interstimulus interval (ISI) was inserted between the original array and an array in which one item had changed ('change blindness'). However, change detection improved when the location of the change was cued ...