The major aim of this article is to outline the requirements for an "ideal" bilingual L1 →L2 dictionary of the general vocabulary specifically designed for the purposes of professional translation. The article challenges three commonly accepted beliefs: (a) a bilingual dictionary equals a translation dictionary; (b) a bilingual dictionary is a source of immediately insertable lexical equivalent...

Based on the controversial beliefs among L2 teachers about effective corrective feedback (CF) strategies, recast and prompts as 2 kinds of CF have drawn the attention of L2 researchers(e.g., Braidi, 2002; Iwashita, 2003; Loewen & Philp, 2006; Panova & Lyster, 2002; Sheen, 2004). Despite these numbers of studies, debate continues to exist about their usefulness as a CF technique. Whereas recasts...

This article had two aims: to provide a thorough review of the existing literature examining overall degree of foreign accent in a second language (L2), and to present a new foreign accent experiment. The literature review suggested that a wide variety of variables in#uence degree of foreign accent. These variables include age of L2 learning, length of residence in an L2-speaking country, gende...

This study examines the relationship between both first language (L1) and second language (L2) reading attitudes, and learners' performance in L2 extensive reading. Four reading attitude variables were identified (Comfort, Anxiety, Value, Self-perception), both in L1 and L2, according to learners' responses to a questionnaire. Results of analyses using these four variables are summarised on two...

Directed motivational currents (DMCs) is a novel construct investigated by motivation researchers. Earlier studies on DMCs have focused explaining its unique nature while the individual difference (ID) factors impacting upon power and long-term sustainment has been under-researched. The aim of this research study was to reveal structural interactions among DMC dispositions, self-regulated strat...

Control over the integrative self-sorting of metallo-supramolecular assemblies opens up possibilities for introducing increased complexity and function into a single self-assembled architecture. Herein, the relationship between the geometry of three ligand components and morphology of three self-sorted heteroleptic [Pd2 L2 L'2 ]4+ cages is examined. Pd-mediated assembly of two bis-monodentate p...

In the field of second language (L2) research, there is a growing recognition vital need to explore diversity emotional experiences learning. This paper explores problem foreign classroom shame (FLCS) in Japanese classes among university students China. study investigated China students’ perspectives on L2 learning Japanese. Studies have shown that not only affects learners' linguistic confiden...

This research explores how well L2 motivational self systems explain language learning motivation of university students in the Turkish context. To this end, data were collected from 668 a state Turkey using 51-item questionnaire and semi-structured interviews mixed methods research. The both interview indicate an overwhelming impact experience on learners’ to learn English as foreign opposed t...