Signal transduction by insulin and IGF-1, several interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-13), interferons, GH, and other cytokines involves IRS proteins, which link the receptors for these factors to signaling molecules with Src homology-2 domains (SH2-proteins). We recently reported the amino acid sequence of murine IRS-2; in order to examine a potential genetic role for this molecule in disease, ...

In this paper, we explore the impacts of utilizing intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) in a power-splitting based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (PS-SWIPT) system and compare its performance with the traditional decode and forward relaying system. To analyze a more practical system, it is also assumed that the receiving nodes are subject to decoding cost, and they are on...

IRS-1 is a major insulin receptor substrate which may play an important role in insulin signal transmission. The mRNA for IRS-1 in rat cells and tissues is about 9.5 kilobases (kb). Rat liver IRS-1 was stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (CHO/IRS-1). Although its calculated molecular mass is 131 kDa, IRS-1 from quiescent cells migrated between 165 and 170 kDa during sodium dod...

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins play important roles in hepatic nutrient homeostasis. Since glucokinase (GK) and glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) function as key glucose sensors, we have investigated the expression of GK and GKRP in liver of Irs-2 deficient mice and Irs2(-/-) mice where Irs2 was reintroduced specifically into pancreatic β-cells [RIP-Irs-2/IRS-2(-/-)]. We observed...

Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are well known to play crucial roles in mediating intracellular signals of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)/insulin. Previously, we showed that IRS-1 forms high molecular mass complexes containing RNAs. To identify RNAs in IRS-1 complexes, we performed ultraviolet (UV) cross-linking and immunoprecipitation analysis using HEK293 cells expressing FLAG-IRS-1 an...

Therapies targeting the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) have not been developed with predictive biomarkers to identify tumors with receptor activation. We have previously shown that the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) adaptor proteins are necessary for linking IGF1R to downstream signaling pathways and the malignant phenotype in breast cancer cells. The purpose of this stud...

In two cohorts of 174 and 165 obese Caucasian children, we measured insulin sensitivity and genotyped insulin receptor substrate IRS-1 and IRS-2 genes for the Arg972Gly and the Asp1057Gly variants, respectively. Because IRS-1 and IRS-2 have complementary roles in insulin signaling, we classified the genotypes in three categories: those with none of the variants in IRS-1 or IRS-2, those with one...

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 are the major substrates that mediate insulin action. Insulin itself regulates the expression of the IRS protein in the liver, but the underlying mechanisms of IRS-1 and IRS-2 regulation are not fully understood. Here we report that insulin suppressed the expression of both IRS-1 and IRS-2 proteins in Fao hepatoma cells. The decrease in IRS-1 protein...

Hepatic insulin resistance is a critical component in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In many cases, insulin resistance in liver is associated with reduced expression of both major insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, IRS-1 and IRS-2. To investigate the specific functions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in regulating liver function in vivo, we developed an adenovirus-mediated RNA interfer...

ecotones are zones of gradual changes from an ecological system to another.ecotones monitoring could be important to find out the reason for changes and limits. inthis research satellite data were used to analyze the ecotone boundary in fars steppicrangelands using irs liss iii and pan data of year 2006. the real vegetation map andecotones prepared through geo-eye images from google earth softw...