Evidence showed that chemokines serve as pro-migratory factors for immune cells. CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5, as the main CC  chemokines subfamily members, activate immune cells through binding to CC chemokine receptor 5 or CCR5. Macrophages, NK cells and T lymphocytes express CCR5 and thus, affected CCR5 expression or functions could be associated with altered immune responses. Deletion of 32 base pai...

BACKGROUND Diseases rarely, if ever, occur in isolation. Instead, most represent part of a more complex web or "pattern" of conditions that are connected via underlying biological mechanisms and processes, emerge across a lifetime, and have been identified with the aid of large medical databases. OBJECTIVE We have described how an understanding of patterns of disease may be used to develop ne...

Background and Aims: Macrophages contribute to the induction resolution of inflammation play a central role in chronic low-grade cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex unconjugated glycans unique human that benefit infant health act as innate immune modulators. In this study, we tested hypothesis specific HMO attenuates atherosclerosis ...

Recently, a rising interest is given to neuroimmune communication in physiological and neuropathological conditions. Meningeal immunity complex immune environment housing different types of cells. Here, we focus on meningeal T cells, possibly the most explored aspect neuro-immune cell interactions. Emerging data have shown that cells play crucial role pathogenesis several neurodegenerative diso...

Innate control of fungal infection requires the specific recognition of invariant fungal molecular structures by a variety of innate immune receptors, including Toll-like receptors. In addition to the role in inducing protective immune responses, Toll-like receptor engagement may paradoxically favor fungal infections, by inducing inflammatory pathology and impairing antifungal immunity. Althoug...

Inflammation is a complex multifactorial process and a hallmark of many inflammatory diseases. Most of the tissue destruction that occurs in these diseases is the result of an aberrant or often uncontrolled immune response. Factors that play an important role in such diseases include pro-inflammatory cytokines, complement, and eicosanoids. This review focuses on eicosanoids and their regulation...

Immune complex-mediated diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, commonly affect the kidney and determine disease prognosis. Stamatiades et al. now propose a kidney-specific mechanism for trans-endothelial transport of small immune complexes that activate strategically positioned tissue resident macrophages.