Most research in economic manufacturing/order quantity management assumes that all products are of perfect quality and are produced at a constant production rate. One result of this assumption is that the number of units produced in a given period is constant, which is not the case in real life. Most production systems produce items which are of perfect quality along with some that are of imper...

This chapter deals with a mathematical model which gives an optimal production schedule in demand declining market if production system is imperfect (i.e. at any random time during production period machine shifts from 'in – control' state in to 'out – of control' state). This is a study about economic production in an imperfect production system. The imperfect production system means, a system...

Uncertainty theory has got quite attention after it was pioneered by Baoding Liu in 2007. Uncertainty is the newest area among the concepts to express imprecise quantities which can be expressed by the ambiguity of human language. Such an unpredictable value can be neither accurately described by probability theory nor fuzzy logic. In inventory models, costs are very prominent part of the syste...

A real economic growth only comes from increasing quality and quantity of the factors of production. Most production systems produce items which are of imperfect quality. In a production/inventory situation items which are received or produced are not of perfect quality. Thus the presence of defects which is inevitable in a produced/ordered lot is sorted out by the process of screening. Handlin...

In practice the items received in a lot may contain defective items, and the screening process to eliminate the defective items may involve both a Type I and a Type II error. Due to the defective items and the inspection errors, shortages may sometimes occur. In this paper, we develop an economic order quantity model with imperfect quality items, inspection errors, shortage backordering, and sa...

The paper develops an order quantity model with trade credit plus shortages under learning effects for deteriorating imperfect quality products. Generally, when the lot has items, inspection of a is necessary to improve lot. In this article, seller provides defective his buyer financing scheme, and after that separates whole screening process into two categories, one other non-defective items. ...

The quality of products, maintenance operations, and transportation policies are primary concerns managers in inventory production planning issues. Besides that, environmental regulations growing increasingly attracted much attention to green concepts such as sustainable production. Previous authors conducted a wide range research on these problems separately. Regarding the gap an integrated fr...