An inevitable task before direct georeferencing can be performed is the calibration of the GPS/IMU system and the imaging sensor. The permanent calibration fields for largeand medium-scale (1:3 300 – 1:16 000) system calibration constructed by Finnish Geodetic Institute are described in this article. Theoretical results concerning the effect of block structure on the accuracy and determinabilit...

Motion tracking based on commercial inertial measurements units (IMUs) has been widely studied in the latter years as it is a cost-effective enabling technology for those applications in which motion tracking based on optical technologies is unsuitable. This measurement method has a high impact in human performance assessment and human-robot interaction. IMU motion tracking systems are indeed s...

This paper develops and experimentally validates a 3D-printed snake robot prototype. Its structure is designed to allocate limited room for each functional module (including an external power module, battery power module, the wireless control and transmission module and some detective sensors), so as to ensure the snake robot works in different environments. In order to control and track the sn...

In this paper, we present an analysis to identify a sensor location for an inertial measurement unit (IMU) on the body of a skier and propose the best location to capture turn motions for training. We also validate the manner in which the data from the IMU sensor on the proposed location can characterize ski turns and performance with a series of statistical analyses, including a comparison wit...

The proposed system exploits Wi-Fi and GeoMagnetic fingerprintings aided by Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Basically, the system only consists of the off-the-self Wi-Fi Access Points (APs) and low-cost IMU, while no extra equipment is required. Since the accuracy of Wi-Fi fingerprinting heavily depends on the number of APs deployments, spatial differentiability, and the fluctuation of Receive...

The European Organisation for Experimental Photogrammetric Research (OEEPE) has embarked on a test investigating integrated sensor orientation using GPS and IMU in comparison and in combination with aerial triangulation. The test consists of two phases. The first phase comprises the system calibration and the determination of the exterior orientation parameters. The second phase deals with the ...

Direct orientation of laser systems has been widely used for airborne laser sensors but not with the terrestrial laser systems. The usual way to operate a terrestrial laser is by scanning a scene while the sensor remains static. In order to cover the whole scene, different scans can be combined by matching several common points, finally the orientation of the scene is performed by identifying a...

Generating a georeferenced mosaic map from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery is a challenging task. Direct and indirect georeferencing methods may fail to generate an accurate mosaic map due to the erroneous exterior orientation parameters stored in the inertial measurement unit (IMU), erroneous global positioning system (GPS) data, and difficulty in locating ground control points (GCPs) or...

In the field of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) attitude determination, the constraints usually play a critical role in resolving the unknown ambiguities quickly and correctly. Many constraints such as the baseline length, the geometry of multi-baselines and the horizontal attitude angles have been used extensively to improve the performance of ambiguity resolution. In the GNSS/Inerti...

Application of MEMS sensor in navigation is increasingly becoming important due to its advantages in terms of the quickly improving precision, robustness, high dynamic response and lower costs of development and usage. Moreover by employing the optimal estimation technique of Kalman filtering, the performance of MEMS based INS has been greatly enhanced by the integration of GNSS. This paper foc...