The metabolic cost of flight increases with mass, so animals that fly tend to exhibit morphological traits that reduce body weight. However, all flying animals must sometimes fly while carrying loads. Load carrying is especially relevant for bats, which experience nightly and seasonal fluctuations in body mass of 40% or more. In this study, we examined how the climbing flight performance of fru...

Interaction protocols play a fundamental role in multi-agent systems. In this work, after analysing the trends that are emerging not only from research on multi-agent interaction protocols but also from neighbouring fields, like research on workflows and business processes, we propose a novel definition of commitment-based interaction protocols, that is characterized by the decoupling of the co...

Measles cases are increasing in Ireland, with 320 cases notified since August 2009. Nearly two-thirds of these cases (n=206) were unvaccinated. In the early stages of the outbreak a substantial number of cases were linked to the Traveller community with some cases also reported among the Roma community, other citizens from eastern Europe and children whose parents objected to vaccination. By Fe...

The new species Mesosmittia museophila from the Neotropics is described and illustrated based on male imagines. A cladistic analysis was conducted in order to assess its possible relationships with the remaining species in the genus, and it was found that M. museophila is the sister group of M. mina Sæther and these two species are closely related to M. prolixa Sæther. This analysis suggests th...

∗This work has been supported in part by DFG Sonderforschungsbereich Transregio 9, Computergestützte Theoretische Teilchenphysik, by Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes, by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grants P20347N18, P22748-N18 and SFB F50 (F5009-N15), by the EU Network LHCPHENOnet PITN-GA-2010-264564, by the Reserach Center ‘Elementary Forces and Mathematical Foundations (EMG) of J. Gut...

This section of Headache annually reviews the status of recently completed and ongoing clinical trials involving headache disorders. The review will focus on multicenter trials of new therapies as well as novel formulations of previously approved therapeutics. Table 1 summarizes major migraine therapeutic trials that have been completed recently, according to data obtained from the "ClinicalTri...

Because of various problems the experiment took only ∼20% of the statistics required but was a major accomplishment as a first measurement of its kind and many milestones were met. We have formulated a request for a followup measurement with anticipated improvements to take data at a rate equivalent to the original proposal estimates. The goal of the experiment is to measure the parity violatin...