This study aims to assess how high-latitude vegetation may respond under various climate scenarios during the 21st century with a focus on analyzing model parameters induced uncertainty and how this uncertainty compares to the uncertainty induced by various climates. The analysis was based on a set of 10,000 Monte Carlo ensemble Lund-Potsdam-Jena (LPJ) simulations for the northern high latitude...

For animals that migrate long distances, the magnetic field of the earth provides not only a possible cue for compass orientation, but a potential source of world-wide positional information. At each location on the globe, the geomagnetic field lines intersect the earth's surface at a specific angle of inclination. Because inclination angles vary with latitude, an animal able to distinguish bet...

The Galactic Legacy Infrared Midplane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE) is an infrared survey of the inner Galactic plane using the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) (Fazio et al. 2004) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope (SST) (Werner et al. 2004). IRAC has four detectors, centered at approximately 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8.0 μm. GLIMPSE covered a latitude range of ±1◦, and a longitude range of |l| =10◦−6...

The greater latitudinal extents of occurrence of species towards higher latitudes has been attributed to the broadening of physiological tolerances with latitude as a result of increases in climatic variation. While there is some support for such patterns in climate, the physiological tolerances of species across large latitudinal gradients have seldom been assessed. Here we report findings for...

In this note we propose an improved technique to extract envelopes of wave packets of synoptic scale Rossby waves. In the currently used techniques the wave packets are assumed to be propagating along latitude circles. In our new technique, we take into account the possibility that the waves may propagate in a direction that is not purely zonal. We demonstrate the advantages of the new techniqu...

The secular variation of the thermal structure of the Martian atmosphere during the dissipation phase of the 1971 dust storm is examined, using temperatures obtained by the infrared spectroscopy investigation on Mariner 9. For the latitude range -20 ° to -30 °, the mean temperature at the 2mbar level is found to decrease from approximately 220 K in mid-December 1971 to about 190 K by June 1972 ...

In the 1700s, scientists, sailors, engineers and explorers were trying to work out how to navigate east to west at sea. The stakes were high; many lives were lost because sailors could not reliably measure longitude. Eventually, the invention of accurate timepieces allowed sailors to use the time in their current location, and the time at a fixed reference, to calculate longitude. But how do lo...

High-level ice clouds play a complex role in the global energy budget by affecting infrared radiation emitted by the earth’s surface. In order to understand the climate system, it is necessary to increase our knowledge about the microphysical, radiative, and optical properties of cirrus clouds. In situ measurements on microphysical structures of cirrus clouds have been made by using special, hi...