In this study we tested the effect of pollen and nectar loading on metabolic rate (in mW) and wingbeat frequency during hovering, and also examined the effect of pollen loading on wing kinematics and mechanical power output. Pollen foragers had hovering metabolic rates approximately 10% higher than nectar foragers, regardless of the amount of load carried. Pollen foragers also had a more horizo...

STUDY DESIGN A biomechanical in vitro study on porcine and human spinal segments. OBJECTIVE To investigate axial rotational stability of the thoracic spine under dorsal and ventral shear loads. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Idiopathic scoliosis is a condition restricted exclusively to humans. An important difference between humans and other vertebrates is the fact that humans ambulate in a ful...

Due to their high specific strength and high specific stiffness properties the use of honeycomb panels is particularly attractive in spacecraft structures. However, the harsh environment produced during the launch of a satellite can subject the honeycomb cores of these sandwich structures to severe quasi-static and dynamic loads, potentially leading to static or early fatigue failures. Knowledg...

The evolution of the damage mechanic properties for un-reinforced masonry panels under dynamic loads is critical in a time-domain analysis of masonry shear walls. This research project experimentally investigates the evolution of the properties of the damage variable for unreinforced masonry panels, subject to dynamic in-plane displacement controlled strain. This paper presents the theoretical ...