apostrophe is a figure of speech by which the poet breaks away from the common form of enunciation. it has also a very effective role in awakening and absorbing the audience. in many arabic and persian books on rhetoric, apostrophe is referred to as a “change of view”. there are a few types of apostrophe each of which can be studied in two areas of rhetoric (badi’ & ma’āni) and grammar. conside...

In this article I trace the historical development of Peirce’s semiotic rhetoric from its early appearance as a sub-discipline of symbolistic to its mature incarnation as one of the three main branches of the science of semiotic, and argue that this change in status is a symptom of Peirce’s broadening semiotic interest. The article shows how the evolution of Peirce’s theory of signs is linked t...

Mary Robinson was elected the first female President of Ireland in 1990, a position she held until she resigned in 1997 to take up the post of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, which she held until 2002. The daughter of two physicians, she holds a Master of Arts from Trinity College Dublin, a law degree from King’s Inns, Dublin, and a Master of Law from Harvard Law School. In 1...

One aspect of the art of rhetoric is the ability to change other people’s minds (opinions, beliefs) without providing them new information. Rhetoric often employs analogies between cases, and induction from cases to rules. Using analogies, one may draw the listener’s attention to similarities between cases. Induction is used to re-organize existing information in a way that highlights certain r...

A proper assessment of the relation between discourse structure and speaker's communicat ive intentions requires a better understanding of communicative intentions. This contribution proposes that there is a crucial difference between intending the hearer to entertain a certain belief (or desire, or intention), and intending to affect the strength with which the hearer entertains the belief (or...

Though political scientists generally understand the origins of native-born reactions to foreigners, less is known about how anti-immigrant contexts trigger a political response within immigrant groups. I address this question by studying the connection between xenophobic rhetoric and Latino politics. I claim that xenophobic rhetoric raises the salience of ethnic identity and impugns its worth....