like other religions, there are various currents in imami shiite in the first centuries. this article, relying on discourse analysis and by concentrating on oppositions, attempts to identify the internal shiite currents in iraq and iran in the second and third centuries. according to historical evidences, the opposition between school of hisham ibn al-hakam and majority of shia, which was schoo...

In his seminal book on the historical periods of Western attitudes toward death, Philippe Aries describes four consecutive periods through which these attitudes evolved and transformed. According to him, the historical attitudes of Western cultures have passed through four major parts described above: "Tamed Death," One's Own Death," "Thy Death," and "Forbidden Death." This paper, after explori...

L’informatique juridique, est un domaine en évolution constante. Le contexte général de notre travail est l’élaboration d’un système de recherche de jurisprudence tunisienne en langue arabe. L’objectif opérationnel de ce système est de fournir une aide aux juristes pour résoudre une situation juridique donnée en mettant à leur disposition une collection de situations similaires ce qui améliorer...

shiite murji’ah is a movement in the second century of kufah. having distinguished themselves from official shiites after the rise of some political-social events in kufah and basically as a way of solving the troubles before shiite community, they adopted an idea concerning imamat –which is the most central foundation of shiite thought- which was a kind of retreatment from this foundation. tho...

the examination of the method of authenticating the hadith dates back to the history of hadith itself. authenticating the hadith was common among shiites in different periods of time. content criticism of the texts, attributed to shiite imams, was the criterion for authenticating the hadith in the time of imams and previous shiite scholars. in this research, the factors of authentication approa...

This article describes how therapeutic jurisprudence, and the therapeutic jurisprudence/preventive law model, can be imported into legal education and practice. Although the approach can (and does) find application in a broad spectrum of legal areas, the present article focuses on the criminal law clinic and on training future criminal lawyers with an expanded professional role: one that explic...

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 R I. The Importance of Public Truth-Telling and Acceptance of Responsibility to Victim Healing and Community Norm Change: Social and Psychological Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 R A. Benefits to Individual Victims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32...

today the most common formal communication tool in social systems is writing so that formalization as one of the main structural dimensions of organization is measured in terms of the written rules level. confidence-building of writing in administrative relationships is so that lawyers consider written documents as one of evidences in courts. as far as the validity of written documents exceeded...