Phenylalanine hydroxylase in Reuber H4 hepatoma cell cultures can be rapidly inactivated by the addition of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, in order of decreasing effectiveness, to the culture medium. The enzyme was 50% inactivated in 1 hour by 25 muM (R)-epinephrine or 45 muM (R)-norepinephrine in the medium. High concentrations of epinephrine caused a 70%...

The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV. It spread rapidly to many countries and developing a SARS vaccine is now urgently required. In order to study the immunogenicity of UV-inactivated purified SARS-CoV virion as a vaccine candidate, we subcutaneously immunized mice with UV-inactivated SARS-CoV with or without an adjuvant. ...

To identify the minimal structures that may be important for the creation of a synthetic and/or recombinant vaccine against whooping cough, human T cell clones were obtained against Bordetella antigens. Cloned peripheral blood T lymphocytes from an immune donor were grown in IL-2 and tested for proliferation in response to inactivated Bordetella species (B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. b...

Objective: To show new trends in the field of vaccinology and spread awareness among population regarding vaccination animals successfully controlling diseases Study Design: This is a review study for development animal vaccines was conducted from September, 2021 to June, 2022 at IMBB Department, The University Lahore, Pakistan. Review Literature collected on traditional recent approaches veter...

UNLABELLED Microneedle patches (MN) provide a novel method of vaccine delivery to the skin with the objective of targeting the large network of resident antigen-presenting cells to induce an efficient immune response. Our previous reports demonstrated that cutaneous delivery of inactivated influenza virus-coated MN to mice protects against lethal infection. Protection is correlated with sustain...

Groups of 60 to 120 mice were given a single intraperitoneal inoculation of varying dilutions of commercially prepared and licensed bivalent (A/England and B/Mass) and monovalent (A/Aichi or B/Hong Kong) inactivated influenza vaccines, and their antibody responses at 14 days were quantitated by hemagglutination inhibition tests. Split-product vaccines prepared by the treatment of A/England, B/M...

Since 1994, several different inactivated rabies vaccines have been used to immunize domestic animals such as dogs, cats, and cattle in South Korea. The Korean Veterinary Authority has conducted safety and efficacy testes of inactivated vaccines using laboratory animals. In this study, we applied a molecular method to investigate the genetic characterization of the rabies virus (RABV) genes in ...

This paper reports an experiment designed to demonstrate that the calf lung can be sensitized to a specific respirable challenge following parenteral immunization with a nonliving antigen (human serum albumin). The possibility that immune-mediated injury could subsequently interfere with nonspecific mucosal defenses was also investigated by infecting calves with Pasteurella haemolytica after th...

Abstract Exposure to vaccine strain of Mycobacterium bovis(M. bovis), Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), alters innate immune cells through epigenetic and metabolic modifications resulting in heightened responses subsequent microbial insult (innate memory). As a biomedical model for human disease, pigs provide critical space study the role memory disease resistance. Young were inoculated intraveno...

Influenza is one of the critical infectious diseases globally and vaccination has been considered as the best way to prevent. In this study, immunogenicity and protection efficacy between intranasal (IN) and microneedle (MN) vaccination was compared using inactivated swine-origin influenza A/H1N1 virus vaccine. Mice were vaccinated by MN or IN administration with 1 μg of inactivated H1N1 virus ...