By applying a digital ltering technique to 1550 deg 2 of the POSS-II in the vicinity of M31, we found two previously unidentiied very low surface brightness dwarf galaxies which we designate And V and VI. Follow-up imaging with the KPNO 4-m telescope resolved these into stars easily. The V-and I-band images of And V indicate a distance similar to that of M31, and {1.5. All evidence stro...

Surface Brightness Fluctuations (SBF) can provide useful information about the unresolved stellar content of early-type galaxies and spiral bulges. The absolute SBF magnitude M in a given passband depends on the properties of the stellar population and can be predicted by population synthesis models. SBF measurements in different bandpasses are sensitive to different evolutionary stages within ...

We compare the dynamical properties of two galaxies at identical positions on the Tully-Fisher relation, but with different surface brightnesses. We find that the low surface brightness galaxy UGC 128 has a higher mass-to-light ratio, and yet has lower mass densities than the high surface brightness galaxy NGC 2403. This is true for the gas surface density, the stellar surface density, and the ...

Agenda 2020 has identified the need to improve the quality of recovered fiber. This project addresses this challenge with the use oxidative enzymes, such as laccase and soybean peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide, that increase the fiber charge of recycled fibers. By increasing the number of surface carboxylic acid groups on recycle fiber, this treatment will improve paper strength. In addition, oxida...

Using Monte Carlo radiative transfer techniques, we model the dust content of the edge-on low surface brightness (LSB) galaxy UGC 7321 and explore the effects of dust on its disk color gradients. Dust alone cannot explain the large radial disk color gradients observed in this galaxy and we find that a significant fraction (∼50%) of the dust in UGC 7321 appears to be contained in a clumped mediu...

We are using the 2dF spectrograph to make a survey of all objects (" stars " and " galaxies ") in a 12 deg 2 region towards the Fornax cluster. We have discovered a population of compact emission-line galaxies unresolved on photographic sky survey plates and therefore missing in most galaxy surveys based on such material. These galaxies are as luminous as normal field galaxies. Using Hα to esti...

An update of the set of low surface brightness galaxies is presented which can be used to set constraints on the otherwise ambiguous decompositions of their rotation curves into contributions due to the various components of the galaxies. The selected galaxies show all clear spiral structure and arguments of density wave theory of galactic spiral arms are used to estimate the masses of the gala...

We have used the Nançay Radio Telescope to obtain new global H i data for 16 giant low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies. Our targets have optical luminosities and disk scale lengths at the high end for spiral galaxies (L B ∼ 10 10 L ⊙ and h r ∼ >6 kpc for H 0 =75 km s −1 Mpc −1), but they have diffuse stellar disks, with mean disk surface brightnesses ∼ >1 magnitude fainter than normal giant s...

We have assessed the significance of Tully & Verheijen’s (1997) bimodal Ursa Major Cluster spiral galaxy near-infrared surface brightness distribution, focussing on whether this bimodality is simply an artifact of small number statistics. A KolmogorovSmirnov style of significance test shows that the total distribution is fairly represented by a single-peaked distribution, but that their isolate...

In 2001 Lori M. Lubin and Allan Sandage, using big-bang cosmology for interpreting the data, found the surface brightness of galaxies to be inversely proportional to about the third power of (1+z), while the contemporary big-bang cosmology predicts that the surface brightness is inversely proportional to the fourth power of (1+z). In contrast, these surface brightness observations are in agreem...