where j is in KÁo (A) if Áo(¢ ¡ j) 6 ́ 0 on A. The function vector © is said to be globally linearly independent if in the above de ̄nition A = IR. Hence, local linear independence of © implies global linear independence. For re ̄nable functions (r = 1) with dilation parameter 2 local and global linear independence are equivalent. However, for r > 1 this is not longer true. The description of loca...

We present a machine learning model that uses particular attributes of individual questions asked by teachers and students to predict two properties of classroom discourse that have previously been linked to improved student achievement. These properties, uptake and authenticity, have previously been studied by using trained observers to live-code classroom instruction. As a first-step in autom...

We present an approach to alphabet-independent gestural recognition which differs from existing techniques such as curve-matching in that it attempts to approximate the functionality of the feature-based approaches while allowing the advantages which result from alphabet independence. Our approach uses a probabilistic model to analyze an alphabet based on user supplied samples and to effectivel...

In this paper we initialize the study of independent domination in directed graphs. We show that an independent dominating set of an orientation of a graph is also an independent dominating set of the underlying graph, but that the converse is not true in general. We then prove existence and uniqueness theorems for several classes of digraphs including orientations of complete graphs, paths, tr...

an analytical equation of state has been previously modified by papari et al. for representing the volumetric properties of molecular fluids. however the performance of that eos has not been yet well investigated for refrigerant fluids. this study extended that equation to 19 liquid refrigerants to predict their densities at isothermal and saturated states. two temperature-independent parameter...

the purpose of the present article is to consider the independent single girl’s life style. first, it has been considered the single girl’s life style utilizing the ideas of theorizers like torstein veblen, george zimel, max weber, adler and pierre bourdieu and then it has been done an experimental study through a mixed approach. this research was done via quantitative and qualitative methods. ...