The most important economic measures are monetary. They have many different names, are derived in different theories and employ different formulas. Yet, they all attempt to do basically the same thing: to separate a change in nominal value into a ‘real part’ due to the changes in quantities and an inflation due to the changes of prices. Examples are: real national product and its components, th...

The most important economic measures are monetary. They have many different names, are derived in different theories and employ different formulas; yet, they all attempt to do basically the same thing: to separate a change in nominal value into a ‘real part’ due to the changes in quantities and an inflation due to the changes in prices. Examples are: real national product and its components, th...

The power properties of traditional repeated measures and hierarchical linear models have not been clearly determined in the balanced design for longitudinal studies in the current literature. A Monte Carlo power analysis of traditional repeated measures and hierarchical multivariate linear models are presented under three variance-covariance structures. Results suggest that traditional repeate...

Mutual information is one of the mostly used measures for evaluating image similarity. In this paper, we investigate the application of three different Tsallis-based generalizations of mutual information to analyze the similarity between scanned documents. These three generalizations derive from the Kullback–Leibler distance, the difference between entropy and conditional entropy, and the Jense...

The relationship between exercise performance and lactate and ventilatory thresholds under two distinct environmental conditions is unknown. We examined the relationships between six lactate threshold methods (blood- and ventilation-based) and exercise performance in cyclists in hot and cool environments. Twelve cyclists performed a lactate threshold test, a maximal O(2) uptake (Vo(2max)) test,...

Heart rate (HR) power spectral indexes are limited as measures of the cardiac autonomic nervous systems (CANS) in that they neither offer an effective marker of the beta-sympathetic nervous system (SNS) due to its overlap with the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) in the low-frequency (LF) band nor afford specific measures of the CANS due to input contributions to HR [e.g., arterial blood pr...