We analyse the concept of strong overgeneral rules, the Achilles’ heel of traditional Michigan-style learning classifier systems, using both the traditional strength-based and newer accuracy-based approaches to rule fitness. We argue that different definitions of overgenerality are needed to match the goals of the two approaches, present minimal conditions and environments which will support st...

The present research has been conducted in two quantitative and qualitative sections. In the qualitative section, and based on Grounded Theory, the organizational social coherence model was presented. In the quantitative section, the data obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics including structural equations and through the SPSS and ...

There is increasing evidence for emotional fit in couples and groups, but also within cultures. In the current research, we investigated the consequences of emotional fit at the cultural level. Given that emotions reflect people’s view on the world, and that shared views are associated with good social relationships, we expected that an individual’s fit to the average cultural patterns of emoti...

A MIMIC (multiple indicators and multiple causes) model serves as a strong statistical validation technique for a set of formative indicators (Bagozzi 2011; Cenfetelli and Bassellier 2009; Diamontopoulos and Winklhofer 2001; Jöreskog and Goldberger 1975), and can be used when reflective indicators of related constructs to the focal formative construct are available. The method uses the reflecti...

Background: Considering the important role of understanding the childbearing motivations in counseling services about childbearing behavior, and need for applying a valid and reliable instrument to assess it in Iranian society, this study was conducted to determine Childbearing motivation. Questionnaire was validated in two versions including Persian and English. The r...

Introduction: Preparedness for the prevention of travel-related infectious diseases among Malaysian international travelers has yet to be explored. With no such data, health programs to empower travelers on behavioral responses towards travel-related illnesses will be ineffective. The current study aimed to develop and validate a new scoring-based instrument measuring Malaysian...

It has long been known that in some relatively simple reinforcement learning tasks traditional strength-based classifier systems will adapt poorly and show poor generalisation. In contrast, the more recent accuracy-based XCS, appears both to adapt and generalise well. In this work, we attribute the difference to what we call strong over general and fit over general rules. We begin by developing...

the removal of as(iii) ions from aqueous solutions has been investigated using silica ceramic under different experimental conditions of initial arsenite concentration, adsorbent dose, temperature and ph. better removal was obtained at temperature 25âºc and ph 7.5. the adsorption data have been explained in terms of langmuir and freundlich equations. the sorption kinetics was tested for the pse...

in this paper, we introduce the notion of primal strong co-ideals and give some results involving them. it is shown thatsubtractive strong co-ideals are intersection of all primal strong co-ideals that contain them. also we prove that the representation of strong co-ideals as reduced intersections of primal strong co-ideals is unique.

In this article the results of Waddell and Azad (2009) are extended. In particular, the geometric percentage mean standard deviation measure of the fit of distances to a phylogenetic tree are adjusted for the number of parameters fitted on the tree. The formulae are also presented in their general form for any weight that is a function of the distance. The cell line gene expression data set of ...