The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the principal route of L-tryptophan (TRP) catabolism leading to the production of kynurenine (KYN), the neuroprotectants, kynurenic acid (KYNA) and picolinic acid (PIC), the excitotoxin, quinolinic acid (QUIN) and the essential pyridine nucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)). The enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxyg...

For the treatment of cancer, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is emerging as an important new therapeutic drug target characterized by pathological immune suppression. On the other hand, Withaferin A (WA) – active constituent of Withania somnifera ayurvedic herb has shown to be having a wide range of targeted anti cancer properties. Previously, we have elucidated the potential of WA in attenua...

The title compound, C(14)H(17)NO(5)S, was prepared by oxidation of (2R,3S,4R)-2-phenyl-sulfonyl-methyl-1-hy-droxy-3,4-iso-pro-pyl-idene-dioxy-pyrrolidine. Its crystal structure confirms unequivocally its configuration. Two inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions help to establish the packing.

Dendritic cells (DCs) can induce tolerance or immunity. We identified and characterized an IDO-expressing and an IDO-negative human DC population after stimulation by various proinflammatory stimuli. IDO expression was strongly dependent on the maturation status of the cells (CD83-positive cells only). The two DC subpopulations remained IDO positive and IDO negative, respectively, over a time p...